market conditions. What is market conditions? Tasks in the study of market conditions

One of the indicators of the state of the economy is the so-called market conditions. Changes in market conditions are determined primarily by the nature and level of development of the economy. The concept of "conjuncture" in the broad sense of the word means a set of categories taken in their relationship. In the economic literature, the concept of conjuncture is used in all cases when it comes to the nature of the situation in the external economic environment in relation to an economic entity at a given moment or period (Fig. 2.1).

Rice. 2.1. The structure of conjuncture-forming factors

Under external economic environment refers to internal and external markets, in the conditions of development of which the economic entity operates. Market research involves the analysis and forecast of various economic, demographic, natural, political and other conditions and circumstances. All of them represent market-forming factors . They are divided into:

1) cyclical factors (determined by the cyclical development of the economy);

2) non-cyclical factors can obscure and reverse the effect of cyclical factors:

a) permanent;

b) non-permanent (random).

Market research should be determined by the following principles :

¦ the inadmissibility of mechanisms for transferring trends identified in some markets to others, even similar ones;

¦ the need for constant and continuous monitoring of markets due to their dynamism;

¦ a certain sequence of market research. At the preliminary stage, the study of their features; at the next stage, the necessary information of a statistical nature is accumulated, and then the analysis and forecast of the conjuncture are carried out.

2.2. The relationship between supply and demand as the main indicator of market conditions

Economic conjuncture- this is a form of manifestation in the market of systemic factors and conditions of reproduction in their constant development and interaction, a specific historical aspect, expressed in a certain ratio of supply, demand and price dynamics. It is these factors that determine the state and dynamics of the market and are its central link.

Demand reflects the volume and structure of market needs for certain products that consumers are willing and able to buy at a certain price.

Demand is characterized by volume, consumer potential, structure, elasticity, seasonality.

The volume of demand depends on the following factors:

¦ population (N);

¦ the structure of the needs of the population (Wi) - the share of costs for the consumption of the i-th product in the total cost structure;

¦ income level of consumers (Z);

¦ prices for products (P i - unit price of the i-th product).

Demand (D) calculated according to formula :

D = N Wi Z / P i, (2.1)

To study the demand for food products, its classification is fundamentally important, since the agricultural sector produces a variety of products and the factors that determine the demand and supply for them are different.

When studying demand, it is necessary to distinguish between the concepts of "consumption" and "demand". Under consumption understand the physical volume of food actually consumed. M. Tracy defines demand as a money-backed desire of the consumer to purchase a certain amount of food.

The total demand for products at the stage of consumption within the country should be identical to the sum of the demand of individual individuals.

Demand is taken into account in quantitative and cost forms.

Quantitatively demand can be estimated in physical units. However, such an assessment for food products in general or their individual groups (for example, the summation of plant or animal products) does not make sense. In this case, the dynamics of quantitative demand can be traced for aggregated products by determining the cost volume.

Value demand is the volume of consumed product multiplied by the current market price.

The essence of the law of demand is as follows: the higher the price of the goods, the less demand for it from the buyer; Conversely, the lower the price of a good, the higher the demand for it.

In the food market, the operation of the law of demand is limited by one of its features - immobility of the production process, that is, the impossibility of its rapid adaptation to changes in market conditions, since the source of resources for the production of food products, agriculture, is relatively inelastic depending on prices.

Based on the foregoing, the following feature of the food market is distinguished: in the system of supply-demand relations, the latter cannot be fully controlled by producers.

Main factors influencing demand are:

¦ change in prices for goods;

¦ change in monetary incomes of the population;

¦ changing customer needs;

¦ change in the number of buyers;

¦ changes in consumer expectations.

Sentence is a set of certain products entering the market. It shows the different quantities of agricultural products that rural producers are willing and able to produce and offer for sale on the market at a specific price from a range of possible prices over a certain period of time.

Law of supply states that if the price of a product decreases, then the quantity of that product entering the market decreases.

For the food market, this is not unconditional, since agricultural production depends on soil, climatic and meteorological conditions.

The amount of the offer depends on the following factors :

¦ cost per unit of goods;

¦ the need for this product on the market in a certain period of time;

¦ the level of competition in the industry;

¦ profitability of goods;

¦ tax policy and policy of commercial agents.

In the food markets in our country, two objects of market research are the economy and the commodity market. At the same time, two relatively independent components are distinguished in the concept of economic conjuncture: the general economic conjuncture and the conjuncture of economic markets.

general business environment can be viewed as a system that is a structural unity, i.e., a certain set of commodity market conditions with many differences between them. Combining the conjunctures of commodity markets as elements in the general economic conjuncture is characterized by both common features and specific features inherent only to it.

Thus, only the interaction and interconnection of these traits and features of the general and the part determine the nature of the formation and development of the general economic and commodity conjunctures.

characteristic features general economic and commodity conjunctures are:

1) variability and frequent fluctuations;

2) non-coincidence in time of the direction and dynamics of various indicators of the conjuncture;

3) exceptional inconsistency, which is expressed in the fact that different market indicators at the same time may indicate the presence of conflicting trends - rise and fall (an increase in demand for food products in the event of adverse natural and climatic conditions does not cause an increase in supply in the market and profit increase);

4) the unity of opposites, which develops in the process of reproduction of social capital, despite the exceptional inconsistency.

2.3. Aspects of market analysis

Important the task of analyzing market conditions consists in establishing the significance of the strength of the influence of individual factors on its formation, in identifying the leading factors that determine the conjuncture at each individual moment and in the near future.

Analysis of the food market situation includes five aspects :

¦ production analysis;

¦ demand analysis;

¦ analysis of consumption;

¦ stock analysis;

¦ export and import analysis;

¦ price analysis.

When analyzing production special attention is paid to the impact of scientific and technical progress on the manufacture of a particular type of product, the quality of goods, and the costs of scientific research. The dynamics of the output of goods is also studied, the factors influencing the production of products are established, and the prospects for its development are studied.

When analyzing demand many factors of its formation are taken into account: economic (income, prices), socio-psychological (prestige, advertising), social (social environment, standard of living, traditions), physiological (life support). The offer is formed under the influence of scientific and technological progress, economic incentives, social needs and demand. The dynamics of demand and supply of goods is analyzed in general and in the context of consumer groups.

When analyzing consumption the main factors influencing the market capacity are studied, the situation in the sphere of consumption of this type of product is studied and the degree of monopolization, forms and methods of sale and their dynamics are determined. The quantitative relationship between the level of consumption of individual products and levels of income and prices, the degree of market saturation is revealed with the help of budget surveys of various social groups of the population.

Reserve analysis involves the study of the policy in the field of stocks of both producers and sellers, and consumers. The available information on the movement, cost, the established regulatory framework for stocks and working capital for any of the used grades of materials allows the state to quickly manage material and financial flows throughout the year. This information helps to solve the following set of problems:

¦ identify scarce material resources;

¦ to reveal material resources on which excess stocks were generated and they can be realized;

¦ assess the availability of reserves and their structure;

¦ determine what and when to order, in what volume;

¦ determine the need for financial resources.

When analyzing exports and imports of goods examines the state of international trade, its dynamics, the main structure of exports and imports; new forms and methods of trade and after-sales service are considered. Questions of the customs-tariff and currency systems are also being studied, and a forecast is made for the development of exports and imports of goods.

When analyzing prices , first of all, the dynamics of wholesale prices for food products of the largest producers, the impact on inflation prices, state regulation of pricing for food products and raw materials for their production, and other reasons for price changes are studied.

conjuncture- a situation characterized by the relationship between demand for a product and its availability on the market. Growth in demand for food products means an improvement in the situation, a glut of the market with these goods means its deterioration.

Conjuncture of the food market represents the current economic situation, including the ratio between the demand for food products and their supply in the market, the dynamics of prices for food products and raw materials for their production, the movement of commodity stocks and other economic indicators.

Signs of a developed food market are: satisfied demand, organizational association of producers, intermediaries and suppliers, activation of consumer demand, flexibility of the system of relations in the chain "production - consumption", a combination of non-intervention of the state in the economic activity of market entities with its regulation at the regional and national levels.

Relative uncertainty and uncontrollability of production processes create many problems for the study of the food market. It must be reckoned with the fact that it is impossible to quickly stop or start agricultural production. A long time is spent on the process of changing the production of certain types of goods. For example, fruit plantations are created many years before they begin to bear fruit. During this period, the situation in the market may change. The expansion of milk production is also a slow process. Even a significant reduction in production is a slow and difficult task. If investments are made in buildings, equipment and livestock, changes are very difficult and expensive.

The impossibility of rapid adaptation of agriculture to changing conditions creates an element of high risk in the food market. A change in consumer demand can lead to the fact that a large amount of raw materials and commodity resources intended for production will remain unclaimed. In turn, high prices due to a shortage of goods can keep the consumer market for this product until it arrives in the right volume.

The decrease in the level of incomes of the population, the rise in prices for basic types of food, which is not adequate to the increase in wages, largely determines the purchasing power and level of consumption of food products.

Food security still remains one of the most difficult problems, the solution of which requires the adoption of a set of measures to ensure the effective development of the agro-industrial complex as the main source of the formation of the food fund, ensuring the physical and economic accessibility of food.

The physical accessibility of food should be guaranteed by ensuring that the quantity and range of food required by the population in the distribution network in accordance with accepted standards.

Economic affordability of food, which characterizes the possibility of acquiring food products by various social groups of the population, must be guaranteed by maintaining an equilibrium in the level of food prices and incomes.

Questions to control

1. What factors are conjuncture-forming?

2. On what principles is the market research based?

3. Define the economic environment.

4. Name the factors influencing the change in demand.

5. Name the factors influencing the change in supply.

6. Name the objects and subjects of market research.

7. What are the aspects of the analysis of the conjuncture of the food market.

Practical work on the topic "Market conditions"

Exercise 1. Identify typical enterprises in the group of farms, if necessary, rank them (order).

Execution Method:

The problem of choosing a typical enterprise from a group of their specialization can be solved under admissible restrictions. Of the many i-th objects ( i=1, 2,…, n), each of which is characterized by a set j-x parameters ( j=1, 2,…, m), you should select the one, parameters a which are closest to their mean values for the whole group. Information is given by a matrix ij and the arithmetic mean is calculated:

And the standard deviation of the typing parameters:

The task of choosing a typical object for all parameters is reduced to determining the confidence limits of the intervals from which the actual values should not go out i-th object:

where is the lower limit of the interval;

the upper limit of the interval.

The value of the coefficient of proportionality k is the same for all given sample parameters and is determined from the expression where f(k) is the integral normalized Laplace function;

Each of the options a checked to see if it falls within a given confidence interval. If the parameter falls within this interval, then a (+) sign is put next to it, if not, that sign (-). In practical calculations, a situation may arise when several i-x rows in the matrix have all signs (+), i.e. any of these objects can be selected as typical. Then it is checked for the minimum sum of the ratios of the absolute deviations of the typing parameters to their average values:

Initial data:

The choice of the most typical object from applicants is carried out according to the results of the calculation table 2.1. 1 object selection rank is assigned to the row with the lowest value? ratios of absolute deviations. The objects are ranked in ascending order of the total values of the deviations.

Table 2.1Meaning of typing options

Note: Estimated data are in italics.

Based on the data obtained, the enterprises under study are typified.

The opportunistic market depends on the action of factors, the main of which are: consumer cash income, commodity prices, the ratio of supply and demand for securities, their profitability.

Market conditions determine the commercial value and competitiveness of goods, the possibility and economic feasibility of buying and selling, the choice of potential and actual exporting countries (importers) and counterparty firms, and the search for a favorable moment to enter the market, the forms and methods of this entry.

The change in market conditions is determined primarily by the nature and level of development of the economy, but it is also influenced by such factors as the seasonal nature of the production and consumption of a number of goods. All factors influencing market conditions are classified into permanent and temporary (according to the frequency of their impact), stimulating the development of the market or restraining it. Market conditions are studied using indicators that allow us to quantify the changes taking place on it and determine their development trends. Such indicators are usually systematized into the following groups:

dynamics of production, major producing firms, emergence of new products, utilization of production capacities, dynamics of investments in this industry, movement of the portfolio of orders, dynamics of production costs, number of employed and unemployed, impact of strikes on output and increase in the wage fund, movement of securities prices etc.;

dynamics and structure of supply and demand, the impact of scientific and technological progress on the level of consumption and requirements for the quality of goods, the dynamics of wholesale and retail trade, market capacity (the volume of goods sold on it over a certain period of time), the size of sales on credit, the movement of inventory , range of goods, cost of living indices, etc.;

the state of international trade, its dynamics, the main countries - exporters and importers, new forms and methods of trade and after-sales service, etc.;

dynamics of wholesale prices in the leading countries - producers and consumers of this product, export prices; the impact on inflation prices, the dynamics of changes in prices for raw materials and energy carriers, changes in the exchange rate, the impact of monopolies on the price level, government regulation of pricing, etc.

Conjuncture tasks:

integration and differentiation of the market, typologies of the market situation and gradation of the state of the market;
characteristics of the scale (type) of the market;
assessment and analysis of the main proportions of development;
identification, analysis and forecasting of development trends and sustainability of market processes;
assessment of cyclicity and seasonality of development;
assessment of rational differences;
assessment of business activity;
analysis of market monopolization and level of competition.

Notes

Wikimedia Foundation. 2010 .

See what "Market conditions" is in other dictionaries:

Market conditions- (Conjuncture of market, market situation) - the same as the situation on the market, a system of factors (conditions) characterizing the current state of demand, supply, prices and the level of competition in the market as a whole or in its individual segments (See ... ... Economic and Mathematical Dictionary

market conditions- The same as the situation on the market, a system of factors (conditions) that characterize the current state of demand, supply, prices and the level of competition in the market as a whole or in its individual segments (See, for example, Investment market conditions). See also… … Technical Translator's Handbook

Market condition Dictionary of Russian synonyms ... Synonym dictionary

The situation developing in the market: the magnitude of supply and demand, the price level, sales volumes, etc. Dictionary of business terms. Akademik.ru. 2001 ... Glossary of business terms

FAVORABLE, upward situation in the market, characterized by the presence of an active, fairly stable demand for market goods and services, an excess of demand over supply, an upward trend in price dynamics for the most representative … Economic dictionary

market conditions- Syn: The state of the market... Thesaurus of Russian business vocabulary

Market conditions- a set of conditions that determine at any given moment the relationship between supply and demand ... Terminological dictionary of a librarian on socio-economic topics

MARKET CONDITION- a set of conditions that determine at any given moment the state of supply and demand ... Dictionary of Career Guidance and Psychological Support

Market conditions- the ratio of supply and demand both for individual goods and for the mass of goods as a whole, the prevailing conditions for the sale ... Dictionary of Economic Theory

MARKET CONDITION- - conditions of sale on the commodity market in the relevant period, depending on the ratio of supply and demand, price elasticity and other socio-economic and natural factors ... Economist's Concise Dictionary

Books

Conjuncture of world commodity markets. Textbook and workshop for bachelor's and master's degrees, Kuznetsova G.V.

And offers, market activity, prices, sales volumes, movements in interest rates, exchange rates, wages, dividends, as well as the dynamics of production and consumption.

The opportunistic market depends on the actions of factors, the main of which are: consumers' money income, commodity prices, the ratio of supply and demand for securities, their profitability.

dynamics of production, major producing firms, emergence of new products, utilization of production capacities, dynamics of investments in this industry, movement of the portfolio of orders, dynamics of production costs, number of employed and unemployed, impact of strikes on output and increase in the wage fund, movement of securities prices etc.;
dynamics and structure of supply and demand, the impact of scientific and technological progress on the level of consumption and requirements for the quality of goods, the dynamics of wholesale and retail trade, market capacity (the volume of goods sold on it over a certain period of time), the size of sales on credit, the movement of inventory , range of goods, cost of living indices, etc.;
the state of international trade, its dynamics, the main countries - exporters and importers, new forms and methods of trade and after-sales service, etc.;
dynamics of wholesale prices in the leading countries - producers and consumers of this product, export prices; the impact on inflation prices, the dynamics of changes in prices for raw materials and energy carriers, changes in the exchange rate, the impact of monopolies on the price level, state regulation of pricing, etc.

Conjuncture tasks:

integration and differentiation of the market, typologies of the market situation and gradation of the state of the market;
characteristics of the scale (type) of the market;
assessment and analysis of the main proportions of development;
identification, analysis and forecasting of development trends and sustainability of market processes;
assessment of cyclicity and seasonality of development;
assessment of rational differences;
assessment of business activity;
analysis of market monopolization and level of competition.

Topic 7. INDUSTRIAL MARKET CONDITION AND ITS RESEARCH

The concept of market conditions and its characteristics

Any marketing operation (development of a strategy, selection of a market segment, decision-making on the release of a new product, conclusion of a contract, exit from the market, price change, etc.) is carried out taking into account the market situation and the company's position in the market.

The market situation is a combination of conditions and circumstances that create a specific environment, or position in the market.

The concept of market situation and market conditions are closely related. conjuncture- this is essentially a market situation that has developed at some point or a short period of time.

Market conditions(from lat. conjungere- I connect, connect) - the state of the market or a specific economic situation that has developed in the market at the moment or for a limited period of time under the influence of a complex of forces, factors and conditions.

market analysis is an important component of marketing analysis and marketing research in general. The position of the company in the market, its chances of commercial success largely depend on external conditions and, in particular, on market conditions. Favorable market opportunities create a potential commercial win even for a firm with limited potential, and, conversely, an unfavorable market situation may not justify the hopes placed on the future.

The conjuncture is made up of many individual elements and actions, the development of which is subject to probabilistic laws, and is characterized by a certain range of qualitative and quantitative features that can be measured and evaluated. These features of the conjuncture make effective the widespread use of statistical methods for collecting and analyzing information about the state of the market.

Market conditions can change unexpectedly and under the influence of a variety of reasons.

For example. The market has been showing signs of resilience for some time now; prices have stabilized, high demand creates favorable conditions for sellers. Suddenly, a rumor is spreading about an imminent fall in the hryvnia exchange rate in the coming days: the index of inflationary expectations is changing sharply; the market reacts to the news; supply drops to zero, trade freezes.

Market conditions have four properties: dynamism, proportionality, variability, cyclicality.

Dynamism- the most important property of the market, its ability to update, grow or contract, or remain stable.

Changes in the main parameters of the market in some periods of time occur at different speeds and intensities, which leads to short-term or longer-term disturbances in proportionality of the market process, to deviations from the main development trend.

Market cycle- regularly repeating in time changes in the level, direction, speed and nature of its development.

Accordingly put forward four conceptual tasks of market analysis:

analysis of dynamic patterns, trends;

Proportionality of development;

· Analysis of the stability of the market, its volatility both in statistics and in dynamics;

· analysis of market development repeatability, selection of cycles.

The state of the market can be described as system of quantitative and qualitative indicators, each of which reflects a certain side of the market situation. We list the main indicators of market conditions:

market scale- its capacity, the volume of operations for the purchase and sale of goods (commodity turnover), the number of enterprises of various types operating on the market;

degree of market balance- the ratio of supply and demand;

market type(competitive, monopolistic, etc.);

market dynamics(changes in the main parameters of the market, their direction, speed and intensity, main trends);

degree of business activity(fullness of the economic portfolio of the company, the number and size of orders, the volume and dynamics of transactions, etc.);

stability/fluctuation level the main parameters of the market in dynamics and space (geographical and economic);

market risk level(assessment of the probability of being defeated in the market);

strength and scope of competition(number of competitors, their activity);

market cycle, i.e. market position at a certain point/stage of the economic or seasonal cycle;

average rate of profit(the sum of gross and net profit and profitability indicators).

The conjuncture of the industrial goods market is formed as a result of the interaction of factors and conditions that determine the structure, dynamics and correlation of supply and demand for them.

Unlike the general economic situation, which reflects the state of the economy of individual countries, regions or the world as a whole in a certain period, the commodity market situation characterizes current changes and fluctuations in the production and marketing of specific goods intended both for export supplies and for domestic consumption. .

For enterprises, the most interesting is the study of the conjuncture of specific commodity markets - machinery and equipment, oil, non-ferrous metals, etc. However, the conjuncture of an individual commodity market does not develop in isolation, but is closely connected with the general economic conjuncture and the conjuncture of other commodity markets. Therefore, the study of the commodity market should be comprehensive, linked to assessments of different types of markets: securities, services, investments, real estate, labor, etc.

For example, according to the forecasts of the Ministry of Economy, in 2005 the external situation is expected to worsen, in particular, the world prices for metal products will fall, as well as the high level of prices for oil products. The deterioration of the external environment will stimulate the development of the domestic market.

Despite the instability of the commodity situation and the infinite variety of its specific manifestations, certain periods in the development of market conditions can be characterized by fairly stable correlations between the dynamics of its most important indicators and characteristics. The most characteristic types of commodity conjuncture are upward, high, downward and low conjuncture.

Main Features upward conjuncture, which is formed in the conditions of a commodity deficit (excess of demand over supply), are the growth of commodity prices and an increase in the number of concluded contracts. High (stable) market conditions are characterized by relative stability of high prices and the greatest activity of consumers and suppliers. Both of these commodity conditions are more or less in the interests of manufacturers (sellers) of products and are collectively referred to as the "seller's market".

bearish conjuncture due to overstocking of the market (supply exceeds demand) and is characterized by a decrease in market prices, a reduction in the number of contracts concluded, as a result of which the market enters a state of low (sluggish) conjuncture, the main features of which are consistently low prices and passivity of market entities. These two states of the commodity conjuncture are called the "buyer's market", since the reduction and subsequent stabilization of commodity prices correspond to the interests of consumers of the goods.

The conjuncture determines the competitiveness of goods and services of enterprises.

Market conditions — ϶ᴛᴏ:

a certain correlation between supply and demand both for individual goods and their groups, and for the commodity and money supply as a whole;
the specific economic situation that has developed in the market at a given time or some period of time and reflects the current supply and demand ratio;
a set of conditions that determine the market situation;
the result of the interaction of various factors (economic, social, natural) that determine the position of the company in the market at any given time;
the state of the economy at a given point in time, determined by changes in various economic indicators.

The conjuncture of a single market should be considered taking into account the interaction and mutual influence with other markets. Note that each market is closely related to the general economic situation in the country and region. Therefore, the analysis of a particular market should be based on an assessment of the general economic situation as a whole.

Market research involves analysis of:

market indicators - market capacity, market saturation level;
market shares of enterprises;
indicators of demand for goods;
indicators of material production, showing the supply of goods in the markets;

market statistics

Market conditions- ϶ᴛᴏ a set of conditions (features) that determine the market situation at a certain point in time.

Favorable (high) conjuncture- characterized by a balanced market, stable or growing sales, equilibrium prices

Unfavorable (low) conjuncture- characterized by signs of market imbalance, lack or decrease in demand, sharp price fluctuations, sales crises, shortage of goods.

There are the following characteristics of the market: a busy market, an emerging market, a stable market, a stagnating market, a regressing market, etc. There is no clear boundary between these definitions, but, nevertheless, ϲʙᴏ and specific quantitative characteristics of market indicators are inherent in each state.

Based on the foregoing, we come to the conclusion that specialists and experts, when assessing market conditions, rely on the so-called market indicators: prices, inventories, business activity indicators, which can be both absolute and relative values. Moreover, it is impossible to judge the market only by any one indicator. They must be taken into account as a whole. For example, an increase in the number of transactions without an increase in sales does not indicate a revival of the market, but only indicates the involvement of small firms in the market process. In the same way, a shortage of goods (high demand) or an increase in inventories, even if it accompanies an increase in output, will not be a positive characteristic of a market economy, but speak of an impending sales crisis and inflation.

To indicators of market conditions ᴏᴛʜᴏϲᴙ are:

the ratio of supply and demand for goods (services);
market development trends;
the level of market stability or volatility;
the scale of market operations and the degree of business activity;
level of commercial risk;
strength and scope of competition;
finding the market in a certain phase of the economic or seasonal cycle.

Since all these characteristics of the market are quantifiable, ϶ᴛᴏ makes them the subject of statistics.

The subject of market statistics- ϶ᴛᴏ mass processes and phenomena that determine a specific market situation, amenable to quantitative and qualitative assessment.

Subjects of market research there may be commercial market structures (their marketing divisions), government agencies (including statistical ones), public organizations, scientific institutions.

Main objectives of market statistics:

Collection and processing of market information.
Characteristics of the scale of the market.
Evaluation and analysis of the main proportions of the market.
Identification of market development trends.
Analysis of volatility, seasonality and cyclicality of market development.
Assessment of regional differences in the market.
Assessment of business activity.
Commercial risk assessment.
Assessment of the degree of market monopolization and the intensity of competition.

Market indicators

To implement the tasks of the market situation, a ϲᴏᴏᴛʙᴇᴛϲᴛʙ system of indicators has been developed, which includes:

1. Indicators of the supply of goods and services:

volume, structure and dynamics of supply (production);
supply potential (industrial and raw materials);
elasticity of supply.

2. Indicators of consumer demand for goods and services:

volume, dynamics and degree of satisfaction of demand;
consumer potential and market capacity;
elasticity of demand.

3. Indicators of market proportionality:

the ratio of supply and demand;
ratio of the markets of means of production and the markets of consumer goods;
turnover structures;
distribution of the market among manufacturers, wholesalers and retailers;
distribution of the market of sellers by forms of ownership;
customer structures according to various consumer characteristics (income level, age, etc.);
regional market structure.

4. Indicators of market development prospects:

growth rates and growth in sales volumes, prices, inventories, investments, profits;
parameters of trends in sales volumes, prices, inventory, investments, profits.

5. Indicators of volatility, stability and cyclicality of the market:

coefficients of variation of sales volumes, prices and inventories in time and space;
parameters of models of seasonality and cyclicity of market development.

6. Indicators of regional differences in the state and development of the market:

regional variation in the ratio of supply and demand and other proportions of the market;
regional variation in the level of demand (per capita) and other key market parameters.

7. Indicators of business activity:

composition, occupancy and dynamics of the portfolio of orders;
number, size, frequency and dynamics of transactions;
workload of production and trade capacities.

8. Indicators of commercial (market) risk:

investment risk;
the risk of making marketing decisions;
risk of market fluctuations.

9. Indicators of the level of monopolization and competition:

the number of firms in the market for each product, their distribution by form of ownership, organizational forms and specialization;
distribution of firms according to the size of the volume of production, sales and sales;
level of privatization (number of privatized enterprises, their organizational forms and share in the total market volume);
market division (grouping firms by their size (small, medium and large) and by their share in sales and sales)

Market volume

Proportionality- ϶ᴛᴏ the optimal ratio between the various elements of the market, ensuring its normal progressive development.

When analyzing the proportions of the market, statistics uses the following tools: balance method, relative values of structure and coordination, comparative (comparative) indices, elasticity coefficients, beta coefficients of multifactorial models, graphical method.

Do not forget that the most important indicator of the proportionality of the market for goods and services should be considered the ratio of supply and demand, which determines the development of other categories of the market and its social and economic efficiency. The proportions of supply and demand are determined both in general for the market of goods and services, and in the regional context, for individual goods and services, for various groups of consumers. It is important to note that one of the ways to measure this proportion across the totality of goods and services is the balance of supply and demand, in which buying funds (demand) are compared with commodity resources and the potential of services (supply). the presence of a shortage, or a sales crisis. The calculation scheme is presented in the table:

It is possible to compare the volumes and growth rates of production (for individual goods and for the industry as a whole) with the ϲᴏᴏᴛʙᴇᴛϲᴛʙindicators of sales, the volumes and growth rates of retail trade turnover with the volume and growth rates of the population's cash income.

The proportional dependence of supply and demand on the factors that determine their values can be expressed by the elasticity coefficient, which will show the percentage change in supply or demand with an increase in the factor indicator by one percent.

The next important proportion of the market should be considered the ratio of means of production and consumer goods. It is worth noting that it is determined both in statics and in dynamics. It is worth saying that relative values of structure and coordination can be used for ϶ᴛᴏgo. A comparative index is also calculated to compare dynamic proportions. It is worth noting that it is the ratio of the growth rates of two parts of a single whole and, in essence, will be one of the options for calculating the lead coefficient.

Another important proportion is ϶ᴛᴏ the ratio of sales of products and services among themselves, as well as between individual types of products or services within each group of goods, etc.