I wanted to write that it was easy: I took it and did it. Still, you have to work, because nature didn’t just create black soil in the north for a reason. I came across artificial black soil when I was asked to create it in a lab. In my naivety, then I thought that chernozem was black earth and always attributed peat to it. When I plunged into the topic, I realized that this is far from the case, they even go in different directions in terms of acidity, chernozem to alkaline, peat to acidic. I got it in the end, I always get what I planned, but it was a different black soil, and not the one that was in my head. It was a real black soil with calcium and magnesium humates and all accompanying substances, finely structured, absorbing water, the only thing not alive, because I am not God.

How to recreate this process on the field? In the laboratory - this is one thing, temperature, pressure .... Let's start with the fact that the reaction of chernozem is alkaline, that is, we need to add calcium and magnesium to the field. Potassium and sodium humates are soluble, so they are not enough for a long time, everyone knows that the introduced peat quickly disappears. Calcium should be applied to the field in the form of lime flour or fodder lime, best of all magnesian, this is when magnesium is up to 20% in the composition of the base, at least 10 tons per hectare should be applied.

After the introduction of lime, we carry out mixed crops: fodder triticale, alfalfa, lentils, in order to have dry biomass on the field up to 20-30 tons per hectare by autumn. When we get the grown biomass in autumn, it needs to be embedded in the soil. The soil up to 1 meter deep will contain: nitrogen up to 400-800 kg/ha, phosphorus up to 100-200 kg/ha, potassium - up to 80-160 kg/ha. It should not be forgotten that the roots with crop residues in legumes are 60% higher in weight from the stem, that is, in this meter layer we left up to 40 tons of dry biomass. It is best to take samples next summer and analyze the content of macro and microelements in the soil. I think that the analyzes will surprise any agronomist for the better. And after obtaining satisfactory results, the experiment must be repeated. That's when you will get black soil in your field and in the next years you will receive yields two to three times higher than your neighbors. But the experience does not end there, because in addition to cereals, animal feed is also needed. But they should be grown as we grew mixed crops - 30 tons per hectare, that is, 10 times more than grain. And clean up by simply rolling it into a roll. How then to feed, because the straw is poorly processed in animals, the cow needs sugar, protein? In fact, in this case, we just need the Universal-BIO line, which allows us to process a bale of hay and straw. After all, in triticale, the grain does not spill out of the ear, and in lentils, the upper pods do not ripen ... Then you can simply run a roll with lentils, triticale, alfalfa into a rolled straw chopper, and then into ETR extruders, and at the same time get prebiotic feed, which is better digested than concentrated feed, by 40-50%. And besides this, such feeds contribute to the development of microflora in the cow's rumen, which significantly improves her health and helps to give more milk, and also helps to better digest subsequent feeds.

We did not apply fertilizers, we did not apply herbicides, we had an open field, which means that there will be pure milk and meat. With feed, which we grow up to 30 tons per hectare!!! What is the cost of feed, is it easy to guess?

For those who do not want to wait two years, everything can be done in the first year. And it is not necessary to sow alfalfa, although it structures the soil well, pulls out micro and macro elements from deep soil layers, from 5-10 meters (on our lands). And, as is known from agricultural chemistry, in a meter layer of macro and microelements, which are in an insoluble state, there will be enough for 1000 years of endless crops.

Vyacheslav Kostin

P.S. When this article was already written, I began to look for confirmation. Everyone wants to be the first, the winners, but everyone wants to see where it has already been. And I found, not how they got black soil, but how they removed 40 tons of dry biomass from fields with mixed crops. This was done by Dombaev B. - collective farm. Kuibyshev in the Chimkent region, he even had a patent for this, for growing mixed crops. And it was in the last century in the USSR. One thing, but - he watered the crops. In order for crops to unambiguously produce at least 20 tons of biomass without irrigation, instead of barley, which Dombaev used in mixed crops, I introduced fodder triticale, which itself provides up to 20 tons of biomass per hectare, and lentils, because this unpretentious crop is on our subsequent sowing will draw phosphorus, potassium out of the soil and accumulate nitrogen, like all legumes. Only legumes accumulate in crop residues up to 100

Kg per hectare, and lentils up to 400 kg/ha. And then it turns out that our mixed sowing is green manure, because we are for them.

do it in the soil. And green manure has been known for thousands of years, similar techniques were used in the southeast of our globe. So we are far from the first. And about the benefits of adding calcium to our soil, here you need to plunge into the Cretaceous period of the Mesozoic era, when limestones were formed, after that many people tried to deal with deoxidation on the soils of the Non-Black Earth Region and everyone got good results. True, no one applied so much organics at once, and even with nitrogen. Do you know how many worms will be in your soil? Just the sea! And to produce as much humus in your field as you will have in two years, nature will need more than one hundred years.

-> Production, construction, agriculture

It is quite possible that after reading the topic of this business idea, you will smile and be perplexed - who needs it? Especially in our big country, where the land is all sorts of different bulk. But take your time, delve into the idea and you yourself will understand that this is a fairly profitable niche, and even selling land can create a successful business.

Who is this business for? Who is its consumer? First of all, these are gardeners and gardeners living in cities and having their own 6 acres of land in their summer cottage. In addition, another category of consumers is the owners of individual housing, cottages within the city. In general, oddly enough, it is the city dwellers. In rural areas, land, even enriched, is unlikely to be in great demand. The villagers have their own mentality, and they know the ways and opportunities to improve the soil themselves and have more of us.

So, the soil in the garden and garden plots is depleted over time and the yields obtained, respectively, are significantly reduced. Fertilizers alone will not solve this problem. The land on the site requires updating, not total, of course, it is enough just to add a certain amount of black soil. Another reason is that the newly allocated land for dachas, gardening and horticulture, as a rule, is located on abandoned inconveniences with poor soil and there is simply no reason to count on record harvests there.

If you visit flower shops, you probably noticed that in addition to flower pots and bulbs, these shops also sell soil, enriched black soil, packed in bags. It is used as a top dressing for houseplants. In big cities, such a product is in constant demand for the simple reason that high-quality land is simply not to be found there.

In a word, if you live in the black earth zone of Russia or in another region where there is a lot of good rich land, consider that you have your own "black gold" in the form of this very black earth.

From a clean, oily and fruit-rich land, you will prepare a quality top dressing for barren soils. In addition to black soil, you will need good manure. You can buy it from and on your own, in villages or from farmers. To obtain enriched soil - top dressing, earth and manure are mixed in a ratio of 50 to 50, and then the resulting substrate is packaged in bags. Typically, a similar product for retail is packaged in 5 kilograms, but larger packaging for wholesale is also possible, for example.

It is worth noting that this type of business has a clear seasonality. The maximum demand for enriched soil will, of course, be in spring and autumn, when there is a mass preparation of beds for sowing. In summer and winter, demand drops very much. But even in winter, you are guaranteed to have buyers - lovers of indoor plants.

But in the season, starting in April, your product will be wildly popular. Profit from the sale of high-quality enriched land can reach up to 300%.

Print flyers to hand out in crowded places. Be sure to put up ads in the city and advertise in popular local newspapers and magazines. Offer and make discounts to wholesale or regular customers, in general, attract as many customers as possible to yourself. You can arrange delivery of your products to the buyer. There are many ways to attract a client.

If your product is of really high quality, the price is acceptable, and the service offered is attractive, people will certainly see the positive results of cooperation with you and will definitely contact you again and again. This business, like most other small businesses, is largely built on regular customers.

All business ideas are based on three pillars: innovation, profitability and start-up capital. If everything is more or less clear with the first two points, then the availability of start-up capital and its size for many becomes a stumbling block, on which crystal dreams are shattered. Are there any areas of business activity for which you don’t need big money and you don’t need to spend time, and after some time a certain net income is guaranteed. What the conversation, of course, is.

• Humus - the power of the earth
• Step by step opening plan
• Manufacturing technology: we bury garbage - we dig out money
• How much can you earn from a humus production business?
• How much can you earn on humus?
• How much money do you need to start a business
• What equipment to choose
• What is the OKVED for the humus business
• What documents are needed to open
• Which taxation system to choose
• Do I need permission to start a business

Humus - the power of the earth

The richest and most fertile soils of the planet, steppe chernozems owe their amazing productivity to humus, an organic compound formed as a result of complex combined aerobic and anaerobic processes as a result of humification of the remains of the vegetative parts of plants and their root systems. It was the steppe forbs, perennial deposits of plant parts that led to the formation of fertile soil, truly one of the miraculous wonders of the world.

What does the regular introduction of humus give, from the point of view of agrochemistry and agricultural technology?

The systemic fertility of the soil increases dramatically, since the humus itself is a complete organic fertilizer with a set of trace elements and a long-term aftereffect.

Due to the high moisture capacity, the earth fertilized with humus perfectly retains moisture in the root zone, and the capillary crusts that form in hot and dry weather are easily destroyed by surface loosening

Having a pronounced micro-cloddy structure, the humus perfectly aerates the upper horizon of the soil. Creating optimal conditions for the formation of a powerful and developed root system, especially when cultivating row crops

Perfectly interacts with local top dressing of plants with inorganic fertilizers, ensuring their optimal transport to the root zone and maximally leveling the loss of basic nutrients due to leaching and weathering

Contains carbon dioxide in a bound form, gently releases it, providing an optimal gas balance of the soil

Attracts earthworms and inhibits mole activity

Significantly reduces the cost of soil mulching, in some cases it allows you to completely abandon this operation

By introducing humus, it is difficult to overfeed the plants and burn the root system, which is very often manifested when other types of organic matter are introduced, such as chicken manure and slurry.

Step by step opening plan

1. Choosing a place for the production of humus (from 1.2 by 1.2 m to 2 by 2 m);
2. The primary component is the manure of herbivores. Rabbit litter is preferred. But you can cow, sheep or horse. Avoid pig and goat manure.
3. A plant component in the form of dry hay, cereal or legume straw. Weed or garden hay is suitable for compost production, but not for humus.
4. Protection of the rotting mass from sediments to prevent leaching of components at intermediate stages of the process. Otherwise, you will get compost instead of humus.
5. The maturation period of the mass in the pile: 3-5 years. In the future - more often, if you lay a couple of heaps for every 1st, 2nd year.
6. Implementation of the finished product.

Manufacturing technology: we bury garbage - we dig out money

So, in order to get humus at no extra cost, we need a flat, dense platform-sole on any inconvenience.

There are two main cooking methods, the so-called French method or shoulder and American or box cooking. Since we save money, we stop at the French method, since we don’t need extra expenses. The boundaries of the site are set aside with boards, old doors, low shields and other rubbish capable of performing protective functions. The bottom of the fenced area is covered with broken bricks, pieces of plaster, chipped concrete and other solid construction debris. It will act as a drainage and support plane, preventing the future pile from spreading and preventing the finished product from being leached by atmospheric precipitation. In addition, the bottom layer cuts off possible infection by weeds and pests.

After that, a layer of reeds, hay, straw, and other plant residues is laid on the sole. The next layer is manure, and the most valuable is rabbit, cow and horse manure, and pig manure is used to a lesser extent.

After laying a layer of manure, a layer of organic waste is laid, which may include rotten legume hay, cereal straw, cabbage leaves, potato peelings, and more. From above, the organic layer is covered with a layer of lean earth, and then the laying of the pile alternates in the same order.

For the convenience of work, the side of the collar should be no more than 3-3.5 m, and the height should not be more than 3/4 of this indicator. After the laying is completed, the pile twitches with the ground and is covered from precipitation for the autumn-winter period. In summer, the south side is shaded by any available means in order to prevent overdrying of the mass, which leads to serious losses in quality.

Ripening lasts 3 years, during this time the pile settles and loses up to 30-40% in its original volume.

A high-quality product has a brown color with various shades, a pronounced smell of a spring field, a finely lumpy structure, and does not release water when pressed. The weight of a cubic meter of humus is 0.55-0.82 tons, deviations from the density indicators in any direction indicate a violation of the technology.

How much can you earn from a humus production business?

As already mentioned above, this type of activity is not associated with any capital investments and does not even require the arrangement of a pit, as in the case of composting. All expenses are tied to the cost of personal time and, in essence, represent a system for the rational use of waste.

The only significant disadvantage is that you can plan the release of the finished product and the receipt of the first income no earlier than 3 years from the date of laying. In subsequent years, by laying new heaps, you organize a continuous process of obtaining ready-made humus and, as a result, profit.

How much can you earn on humus?

Initially laid raw pile with a side of 5m has a volume of 75 cubic meters, at the exit, taking into account the maturation processes, we will get at least 19-23 cubic meters. commodity humus of nominal humidity. It is economically expedient to implement the product by bag rather than machine standards. So a 50-liter bag of humus for the end user costs about 75 rubles in retail. Machine norm with a volume of 4 cubic meters. ordinary humus about 4000 rubles. The difference in the cost of one cubic meter is 2000 rubles in favor of bag packaging.

In general, from one heap you can get 115 thousand rubles of income with the condition of selling goods at retail prices in bag norms.

Given the almost zero initial costs, waste disposal and the cost of only personal time, without the use of mechanization, this is more than a worthy result. An increase in profits is possible through a direct increase in the pledged volumes and a systematic collection of raw materials for the formation of piles on the side. Undoubtedly, this will entail a certain amount of expenses, in particular for transport and employees, but you will already have the starting capital for all this.

How much money do you need to start a business

It is convenient to engage in the production of humus at home if you keep livestock yourself. On your site (cottage or backyard) you can organize production with a minimum investment at the start. Using substandard building materials, unnecessary boards, etc. for the equipment of the humus maturation site. Also, the initial components can be purchased at minimal prices or for free, for example, from neighbors who keep rabbits.

Straw-hay of cereals or legumes is in any farm. The price of cereal hay is 6,500 -7,500 rubles. per ton with delivery, one roll weighs 270 kg. To start a business, one roll will be more than enough for you. If you need to purchase a gardening tool, then another 20 thousand rubles additionally.

What equipment to choose

For the production of compost, gardening equipment will be needed: carts, shovels, pitchforks, etc., devices for measuring temperature and the acid-base environment of the substrate. In the future, you will need packaging material and scales.

What is the OKVED for the humus business

According to the OKVED classifier 2) Section C: Manufacturing.

Main: 20. Chemical production. substances and chem. products. Sub-item responsible for basic chemicals, nitrogen compounds, fertilizers, etc. - 20.1.

Namely, Manufacture of fertilizers and nitrogen compounds - 20.15.

What documents are needed to open

To register an individual business, you need a passport, an application for state registration, a receipt for payment of state duty, a copy of the TIN certificate.

Which taxation system to choose

UTII is suitable - that is, a single tax on imputed income.

Do I need permission to start a business

No special permits or documents are required for the production of humus.