taxes

Requirements for the workplace of an office worker: basic rules for organizing the workspace. Computer workspace lighting

The premises should have natural and artificial lighting. The location of workplaces behind monitors for adult users in the basement is not allowed.

area for one with a computer for adult users should be at least 6 m 2, and the volume should be at least -20 m 3.

Rooms with computers should be equipped with heating, air conditioning or efficient supply and exhaust ventilation.

For interior decoration of the interior of rooms with computers, diffuse-reflective materials with a reflection coefficient for the ceiling of 0.7-0.8 should be used; for walls - 0.5-0.6; for the floor - 0.3-0.5.

floor surface in the premises where computers are used, it should be smooth, without potholes, non-slip, easy to clean and wet cleaning, and have antistatic properties.

The room should have a first aid kit, a carbon dioxide fire extinguisher to extinguish a fire.

Requirements for the microclimate, ionic composition and concentration of harmful chemicals in indoor air

At the workplaces of users of personal computers, optimal microclimate parameters should be provided in accordance with SanPin 2.2.4.548-96. According to this document, for the category of severity of work 1a, the air temperature should be no more than 22-24 ° C in the cold period of the year, and 20-25 ° C in the warm period of the year. Relative humidity should be 40-60%, air speed

ha - 0.1 m/s. To maintain optimal microclimate values, a heating and air conditioning system is used. To increase the humidity in the room, humidifiers with distilled or boiled drinking water should be used.

The ionic composition of the air must contain the following number of negative and positive air ions; the minimum required level is 600 and 400 ions per 1 cm 3 of air; the optimal level is 3,000-5,000 and 1,500-3,000 ions per 1 cm 3 of air; the maximum allowable is 50,000 ions per 1 cm 3 of air. To maintain the optimal ionic composition of the air, dedusting and disinfecting the air in the room, it is recommended to use the devices of the Diod plant of the Ellion series.

Requirements for lighting of premises and workplaces

Computer rooms should have natural and artificial lighting. Natural lighting is provided through window openings with a coefficient of natural lighting KEO not less than 1.2% in areas with stable snow cover and not less than 1.5% in the rest of the territory. The luminous flux from the window opening should fall on the operator's workplace from the left side.

Artificial lighting in the premises where computers are used should be provided by a system of general uniform lighting.

Illumination on the surface of the table in the area where the document is placed should be 300-500 lux. It is allowed to install local lighting fixtures to illuminate documents. Local lighting should not create glare on the screen surface and increase the screen illumination by more than 300 lux. Direct glare from light sources should be limited. The brightness of luminous surfaces (windows, lamps) in the field of view should not exceed 200 cd/m2.

Reflected glare on work surfaces is limited by proper luminaire selection and positioning of work stations in relation to natural light. The glare brightness on the monitor screen should not exceed 40 cd/m 2 . The glare index for sources of general artificial lighting in the premises should be no more than 20, the discomfort index in administrative and public premises should not exceed 40. The ratio of brightness between working surfaces should not exceed 3:1 - 5:1, and between working surfaces and wall surfaces and equipment 10:1.

For artificial lighting of rooms with personal computers, lamps of the LPO36 type with mirrored gratings, equipped with high-frequency ballasts, should be used. It is allowed to use lamps of direct light, mainly reflected light of the LPO13, LPO5, LSO4, LPO34, LPO31 types with fluorescent lamps of the LB type. The use of local lighting fixtures with incandescent lamps is allowed. Luminaires should be located in the form of solid or broken lines on the side of the workplaces parallel to the user's line of sight at different locations of computers. With a perimeter arrangement, the lines of luminaires should be located locally above the desktop closer to its front edge facing the operator. The protective angle of the luminaires must be at least 40 degrees. Local lighting fixtures must have a non-translucent reflector with a protective angle of at least 40 degrees.

To ensure the normative values of illumination in the premises, the glass of window openings and lamps should be cleaned at least twice a year and timely replacement of burned-out lamps should be carried out.

Requirements for noise and vibration in rooms

At workplaces of users of personal computers should not exceed the values established by SanPiN 2.2.4 / 2.1.8.562-96 and do not exceed 50 dBA. At workplaces in premises for the placement of noisy units, the noise level should not exceed 75 dBA, and the vibration level in the premises of permissible values according to SN 2.2.4 / 2.1.8.566-96 category 3, type "c".

It is possible to reduce the noise level in the premises by using sound-absorbing materials with maximum sound absorption coefficients in the frequency range of 63-8000 Hz for finishing the walls and ceiling of the premises. An additional sound-absorbing effect is created by plain curtains made of dense fabric, hung in a fold at a distance of 15-20 cm from the fence. The width of the curtain should be 2 times the width of the window.

Requirements for the organization and equipment of workplaces

Workplaces with personal computers in relation to the light openings should be located so that natural light falls from the side, preferably from the left.

Job placement schemes with personal computers, the distances between desktops with monitors must be taken into account: the distance between the side surfaces of monitors is at least 1.2 m, and the distance between the monitor screen and the back of another monitor is at least 2.0 m.

Desktop can be of any design that meets modern ergonomic requirements and allows you to conveniently place equipment on the working surface, taking into account its quantity, size and nature of the work performed. It is advisable to use tables that have a special work surface separate from the main tabletop to accommodate the keyboard. Working tables with adjustable and non-adjustable height of the working surface are used. In the absence of adjustment, the height of the table should be between 680 and 800 mm.

Depth of the working surface of the table should be 800 mm (allowable not less than 600 mm), width - respectively 1,600 mm and 1,200 mm. Working surface the table should not have sharp corners and edges, have a matte or semi-matte factor.

The work table must have legroom at least 600 mm high, at least 500 mm wide, at least 450 mm deep at the knees and at least 650 mm at the level of outstretched legs.

Fast and accurate reading of information is provided when the screen plane is located below the level of the user's eyes, preferably perpendicular to the normal line of sight (normal line of sight 15 degrees down from the horizontal).

Keyboard should be placed on the table surface at a distance of 100-300 mm from the edge facing the user.

For the convenience of reading information from documents, movable stands (stands) are used, the dimensions of which in length and width correspond to the dimensions of the documents installed on them. The music rest is placed in the same plane and at the same height with the screen.

To ensure a physiologically rational working posture, to create conditions for changing it during the working day, lifting and turning work chairs are used with a seat and back adjustable in height and tilt angles, as well as the distance of the back from the front edge of the seat.

The design of the chair should provide:

width and depth of the seat surface not less than 400 mm;
seat surface with rounded front edge;
adjustment of the height of the seat surface within 400-550 mm and the angle of inclination forward up to 15 degrees and back up to 5 degrees .;
the height of the supporting surface of the backrest is 300 ± 20 mm, the width is not less than 380 mm and the radius of curvature of the horizontal plane is 400 mm;
the angle of inclination of the backrest in the vertical plane within 0 ± 30 degrees;
adjustment of the backrest distance from the front edge of the seat within 260-400 mm;
fixed or removable armrests with a length of at least 250 mm and a width of 50-70 mm;
adjustment of the armrests in height above the seat within 230 ± 30 mm and the internal distance between the armrests within 350-500 mm;
the surface of the seat, back and armrests should be semi-soft, with a non-slip, non-electrifying, airtight coating that is easy to clean from dirt.

The workplace must be equipped with a footrest with a width of at least 300 mm, a depth of at least 400 mm, height adjustment up to 150 mm and an angle of inclination of the support surface of the stand up to 20 degrees. The surface of the stand must be corrugated and have a 10 mm high edge along the front edge.

The mode of work and rest when working with a computer

The mode of work and rest provides for the observance of a certain duration of continuous work on a PC and breaks regulated taking into account the duration of the work shift, types and categories of labor activity.

Types of labor activity on a PC are divided into 3 groups: group A - work on reading information from the screen with a preliminary request; group B - work on entering information; group B - creative work in the dialogue mode with a PC.

If during the work shift the user performs different types of work, then his activity is attributed to the group of work, the implementation of which takes at least 50% of the time of the work shift.

The categories of severity and intensity of work on a PC are determined by the level of workload per shift: for group A - by the total number of characters read; for group B - by the total number of characters read or entered; for group B - by the total time of direct work on the PC. The table shows the categories of severity and intensity of work, depending on the level of workload per shift.

The number and duration of regulated breaks, their distribution during the work shift is set depending on the category of work on the PC and the duration of the work shift.

With an 8-hour work shift and work on a PC, regulated breaks should be set:

for the first category of work, 2 hours after the start of the shift and 2 hours after the lunch break of 15 minutes each;
for the second category of work - 2 hours after the start of the work shift and 1.5-2.0 hours after a lunch break of 15 minutes each or 10 minutes after each hour of work;
for the third category of work - after 1.5-2.0 hours from the start of the work shift and 1.5-2.0 hours after the lunch break of 20 minutes each or 15 minutes after each hour of work.

With a 12-hour work shift, regulated breaks should be established in the first 8 hours of work similar to breaks for an 8-hour work shift, and during the last 4 hours of work, regardless of the category and type of work, every hour lasting 15 minutes.

The duration of continuous work on a PC without a regulated break should not exceed 2 hours.

When working on a PC during the night shift, the duration of regulated breaks is increased by 60 minutes, regardless of the category and type of work activity.

Effective are unregulated breaks (micropauses) lasting 1-3 minutes.

It is advisable to use regulated breaks and micropauses to perform a set of exercises and gymnastics for the eyes, fingers, as well as massage. It is advisable to change sets of exercises after 2-3 weeks.

PC users performing work with a high level of tension are shown psychological relief during regulated breaks and at the end of the working day in specially equipped rooms (psychological relief rooms).

Medico-prophylactic and health-improving measures. All professional PC users must undergo mandatory preliminary medical examinations upon admission to work, periodic medical examinations with the mandatory participation of a general practitioner, neurologist and ophthalmologist, as well as a complete blood count and ECG.

Women are not allowed to work on the PC from the time of pregnancy and during breastfeeding.

Nearsightedness, farsightedness and other refractive errors must be fully corrected with glasses. For work, glasses must be used that are selected taking into account the working distance from the eyes to the display screen. With more serious visual impairments, the issue of the possibility of working on a PC is decided by an ophthalmologist.

To relieve fatigue of the accommodative muscles and their training, computer programs such as Relax are used.

It is expedient for those who work intensively to use such latest means of vision prevention as LPO-trainer glasses and ophthalmic simulators DAK and Sniper-ultra.

Leisure is recommended for passive and active recreation (training, swimming, cycling, running, playing tennis, football, skiing, aerobics, walking in the park, forest, excursions, listening to music, etc.). Twice a year (in spring and late autumn) it is recommended to carry out a course of vitamin therapy for a month. You should stop smoking. Smoking should be strictly prohibited in workplaces and in rooms with PCs.

Ensuring electrical and fire safety in the workplace

Electrical safety.

At the user's workplace there is a display, a keyboard and a system unit. When the display is turned on, a high voltage of several kilovolts is created on the cathode ray tube. Therefore, do not touch the back of the display, wipe dust off the computer while it is turned on, and do not operate the computer with wet clothes and wet hands.

Before starting work, make sure that there are no power wires hanging from the table or hanging under the table, that the plug and power wire are intact, that there is no visible damage to the equipment and work furniture, that the screen filter is not damaged and that the screen filter is grounded.

Static currents induced during computer operation on the monitor, system unit and keyboard cases can lead to discharges when these elements are touched. Such discharges do not pose a danger to humans, but can lead to computer failure. To reduce the magnitude of static electricity currents, neutralizers, local and general air humidification, and the use of floor coverings with antistatic impregnation are used.

Fire safety

Fire safety - the state of the object, in which the possibility of a fire is excluded, and in the event of its occurrence, the impact on people of its dangerous factors is prevented and the protection of material assets is ensured.

Fire protection is a set of organizational and technical measures aimed at ensuring the safety of people, preventing fire, limiting its spread, as well as creating conditions for successful fire extinguishing.

Fire safety is ensured by a fire prevention system and a fire protection system. All office premises must have a "Plan for the evacuation of people in case of fire", which regulates the actions of personnel in the event of a fire and indicates the location of fire equipment.

Fires in the EC are of particular danger, as they are associated with large material losses. Feature

VC - small areas of premises. As you know, a fire can occur when combustible substances, an oxidizing agent and ignition sources interact. In the premises of the CC, all three main factors necessary for the occurrence of a fire are present.

Combustible components at the exhibition center are: building materials for acoustic and aesthetic decoration of premises, partitions, doors, floors, punched cards and punched tapes, cable insulation, etc.

The sources of ignition in the computer center can be electrical circuits from a computer, devices used for maintenance, power supply devices, air conditioning, where, as a result of various violations, overheated elements, electric sparks and arcs are formed that can cause ignition of combustible materials.

In modern computers, there is a very high density of electronic circuit elements. Connecting wires and cables are located in close proximity to each other. When an electric current flows through them, a significant amount of heat is released. In this case, the insulation may melt. To remove excess heat from the computer, ventilation and air conditioning systems are used. In continuous operation, these systems represent an additional fire hazard.

For most of the premises of the EC, fire hazard category B has been established.

One of the most important tasks of fire protection- protection of building premises from destruction and ensuring their sufficient strength under the influence of high temperatures during a fire. Taking into account the high cost of the electronic equipment of the CC, as well as the category of its fire hazard, the buildings for the CC and parts of the building for other purposes, which provide for the placement of computers, must be of the first and second degree of fire resistance. For the manufacture of building structures, as a rule, brick, reinforced concrete, glass, metal and other non-combustible materials are used. The use of wood should be limited, and if used, it should be impregnated with flame retardants.

In short, the workplace is an open or closed area of the territory or space, equipped with the necessary production facilities, within which the employee is engaged in labor activity. It can also be assigned to a group of employees. Usually, a certain part of the general production cycle is carried out at the workplace.

It is logical that in order to achieve high labor productivity, it is necessary for him to provide such conditions under which his performance will be the highest.

Important! The employer should adapt the workplace, taking into account not only the specific type of activity, qualifications, but also the individual physical and psychological characteristics of each employee.

General requirements for the organization of the workplace

These requirements are regulated by the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, Sanitary and Epidemiological Rules and Regulations (SanPiN) and other legal documents.

The main goal of the organization of the workplace is to ensure high-quality and efficient performance of work in compliance with the established deadlines and with the full use of the equipment assigned to the employee.

To achieve it, organizational, technical, ergonomic, sanitary, hygienic and economic requirements are imposed on the workplace.

What requirements must an employee's workplace meet?

Occupational safety is a priority!

The most important requirement in the organization of the workplace is to provide safe comfortable working conditions, to prevent the occurrence of occupational diseases and accidents. This whole complex of measures is called labor protection at work.

In other words, labor protection, in fact, is a system of legislative acts in conjunction with socio-economic, organizational, technical, hygienic and therapeutic measures and means that ensure safe working conditions and preserve the health of employees of the enterprise.

To do this, it is necessary to create favorable working conditions in accordance with sanitary standards, safety, ergonomics, and aesthetics.

Indoor microclimate

The legislation of our country strictly regulates the temperature and humidity of the air in the room. In particular, when the average daily outdoor temperature is below 10°C, the amplitude of its fluctuations in the room should be 22-24°C. When the ambient temperature is higher than the specified value - 23-25 ° C. In case of temporary non-compliance with these conditions in one direction or another, the working day is reduced (SanPiN 2.2.4.3359-16 dated June 21, 2016 No. 81).

Protection from the harmful effects of computer technology

Since today it is impossible to imagine office work without a PC, there are standards for employees who use computer equipment in their work. For example, when working with a computer with a flat screen monitor, the workplace must have an area of at least 4.5 square meters. m, when using a kinescopic monitor - 6 sq.m. After each hour of work, the room must be ventilated (SanPiN 2.2.2 / 2.4.1340-03 of May 30, 2003). The same normative act regulates the height, width and depth for the legs under the desktop, stipulates the mandatory presence of a footrest with a corrugated surface.

The level of electrostatic and electromagnetic fields, radiation and ultraviolet radiation, radio frequency bands and other factors harmful to the health of employees are also regulated by law.

Attention! In the basement, the use of copiers, printers and other office equipment is prohibited, and for ordinary offices, appropriate standards have been established for the distance between technical equipment (SanPin 2.2.2. 1332-03).

Lighting Requirements

Also, the relevant articles of SanPin establish standards for lighting. For example, the illumination in the room should be in the range from 300 to 500 lux. When artificial lighting is used, the lighting parameters must ensure good visibility of the information provided by the personal computer screen. For local lighting, luminaires installed on desktops or specially equipped panels for vertical installation are recommended (SanPiN 2.2.1 / 2.1.1.).

Noise requirements

For the noise level, a maximum threshold of 80 decibels is set (SanPin 2.2.4. 3359-16).

Regulatory documents provide for the installation of special foundations or shock-absorbing pads for the main noise-producing equipment and other equipment, as well as the use of noise-absorbing materials.

Providing conditions for eating

The order of eating at the workplace is regulated by article 108 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, SNiP 2.09.04-87:

with the number of employees less than 10 people, a place with an area of at least 6 square meters is required. m, equipped with a dining table;
with the number of employees up to 29 people, the required area is twice as much;
if the company employs up to 200 employees, it is mandatory to have a canteen-handout;
if the number of employees exceeds 200, the canteen should be provided with raw materials or semi-finished products.

Unregulated situations

In the event of situations that are not regulated by sanitary and hygienic standards (the roof is leaking, the toilet is out of order, etc.), the employee has the right to refuse to work. At the same time, the employer is obliged to offer him another employment until the problem is completely eliminated. If such a decision is impossible, according to Article 157 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, the employer is obliged to declare downtime with the payment of a penalty in the amount of at least 2/3 of the employee's average wage.

Of the ergonomic requirements for the workplace, the following should be additionally noted:

Selection of a rational location of the working surface and zone, taking into account the anthropometric data of a particular employee.
Provision of measures to prevent or reduce premature fatigue of an employee, the occurrence of a stressful situation in him, taking into account the physiological, psychophysiological characteristics of a person and his character. By the way, according to psychologists, employees who constantly use electronic computers in their work are much more stressed than their less “advanced” colleagues.
Ensuring speed, safety and ease of maintenance in both normal and emergency operating conditions.

Technical parameters include equipment with innovative technology, fixtures, laboratory equipment, cargo handling mechanisms, etc.

Employer's responsibility

According to the requirement of Article 209 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, the relevant federal executive body establishes the procedure for certification of workplaces in order to determine the factors affecting the safety of working conditions at work. For each violation of the established legislation, the employer is liable.

At the first violation, officials and individual entrepreneurs are warned or subject to a fine of 2,000 to 5,000 rubles. The same for organizations - a warning or a fine in the amount of 50-80 thousand rubles (Article 5.27.1. Administrative Code of the Russian Federation, part 1).

In case of repeated violation of part 5 of this article, more severe penalties are already provided:

officials are subject to a fine of 30-40 thousand rubles or disqualification from one to three years;
the size of the fine for individual entrepreneurs is the same, or their activities may be administratively suspended for up to 90 days;
organizations may be fined 100-200 thousand rubles or also subject to an administrative suspension of their activities.

Instead of a conclusion

According to the state of workplaces at a particular enterprise or office, one can judge not only the level of labor organization and production culture in them, but also their solidity and the degree of trust in them by potential and existing customers.

2. Organization of workplaces for office employees

Principles of workplace organization

Workplace - an employee's work area equipped with

the necessary means to carry out their duties.

Workplace organization is a system of measures for equipping

workplace means and objects of labor and their functional

schenie taking into account the anthropometric data of the performer.

The organization of workplaces for office employees consists in ensuring the rational arrangement and layout of office premises, equipping workplaces with the necessary furniture and modern office equipment.

Main factors in workplace design:

Technology and nature of the work performed;

Relationships in the labor process;

Fire safety and industrial sanitation rules;

Specific requirements of state supervision bodies for special

social premises and services.

Arrange structural subdivisions as close as possible to each other

with a related nature of work, as well as workplaces of cooperation

kov having the most frequent business contacts with each other;

Departments that, due to the specifics of the work performed, are associated with

reception of third-party visitors: for example, the personnel department, AHS, department

MTO should be located in the lower floors of the building near the entrances;

When placing structural units, consider the possibility

expansion, installation of additional equipment, as well as organization

downgrading of new departments;

When placing the workplace, take into account the standard area on

one worker, proper lighting (natural light

must fall to the left or front), uncluttered space

(unnecessary items for direct work operations),

free and safe access to the places of inclusion in the network of funds

Eliminate the distracting and adverse effects of street

irritants, as well as, if possible, reduce thermal radiation from heating devices and light radiation from monitor screens, televisions and other audiovisual means;

Choose the shape and dimensions of furniture, taking into account anthropometric indicators to ensure a comfortable position of the body while sitting at work and create good visual perception;

. seiso (Sweeping) "keeping clean" (cleaning) - keeping the workplace clean and tidy;

. seiketsu (Standardizing) "standardization" (keeping order) -

a necessary condition for the fulfillment of the first three rules;

. shitsuke (Sustaining) "perfection" (habit formation) –

fostering the habit of precise implementation of established rules, procedures and technological operations.

Creation of a comfortable psychological climate, stimulation

Increasing the productivity of office workers;

Reducing time and material costs;

Minimization of "idle operations" and labor costs;

Reducing the number of accidents.

Calculation of office space area (according to V.V. Pirozhkov)

In the office, each employee should be able to

free access to your workplace or equipment of common use

calling. Therefore, when placing workplaces and equipment, take into account

the dimensions of the aisles and some other distances in the service premises.

Here's what they can be.

For example, passage width (cm):

for one person - 60;

for two people - 80;

for three people - 100;

between tables - 55–90;

between the wall and the table - 65–85;

between heating appliances and the desktop - 55.

Can be used to determine the required working area

places in each case, the total method of calculation:

where Ptot - the entire area of the workplace;

Pr - the area necessary for the work and movement of the employee;

P is the area occupied by the equipment;

Ppr is the area of passages.

With this method of calculation, you can also take into account the required area

for visitors and for equipment used collectively. When using

using the total method, the calculation is carried out in accordance with the standards for individual

workplace elements.

The most convenient are the rectangular shape of the rooms with a ratio of 1:1; 1:1.5 and maximum - 1:2;

the minimum height of the rooms is 3.25 m;

the minimum width is 2.5–3 m.

With two-sided natural lighting, the maximum width (depth) of the premises is 12-15 m, and with one-sided - 6-7 m.

The minimum area per one workplace of an employee (without a PC) is 4.25 m2.

Factors of office space arrangement

The office should be both technologically advanced and comfortable, which is achieved not only by the correct calculation of the area of employees' workplaces, but, above all, through a well-thought-out system of office space arrangement (in particular, their layout and equipment).

This should take into account:

The need for office staff in privacy and concentration;

Types of labor processes used;

The need for meeting rooms and back-up

Depending on the main specifics of the office, the ratio of these factors

changes: for concentrated, with maximum concentration work, it is better

just a separate office is suitable, and for communication - open in one or another

To take into account these factors, when arranging office space, three types of layout are used: closed, open and combined.

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Workplace organization rules

Labor productivity will be much higher if the management took into account some rules for the location of employees in the premises. Read how jobs are organized in a company or office.

Organization of the workplace in the office

The general rules for organizing the workplace of an office employee are to ensure the rational arrangement of the premises and equipping them with the necessary furniture and office equipment. This takes into account the following features:

the relationship of people in the process of performing work duties;
the nature of the work performed;
fire safety and sanitation requirements.

Advice: In order for the organization of places to be effective, it is necessary to locate structural units that are related by type of work closer to each other.

It is also important to take into account technical features - lighting, standard area per employee, free access to office equipment, etc.

Organization of workplaces in industrial premises

A workplace in production is an area assigned to one or more workers, which is equipped with all the necessary technological, auxiliary and other resources to ensure the work process.

The employee's workplace in the production room consists of several elements:

production area;
equipment;
places of storage of blanks, materials, products;
place for waste disposal;
a place to store fixtures and tools necessary for work;
devices to ensure the safety of the work process and sanitary requirements.

The existing unsatisfactory organization and maintenance of workplaces is a common cause of industrial injuries. This issue should be carefully considered in order to avoid trouble.

Organization of the manager's workplace

The place of work of the head is his office. It must be equipped with the necessary tools, filing cabinets, etc. In the office, everything should be conveniently placed to maintain the efficiency of the head.

The area of the office and its equipment with furniture depend on the number of people who regularly come to this room - for meetings, meetings. The layout depends on the specifics of the manager’s work, as well as the requirements for his safety.

Requirements for the organization of the workplace. Classification, equipment and safety of workplaces

The workplace is an organizationally indivisible element of the production process under specific conditions. It is serviced by one or more people, designed to carry out various operations, equipped with appropriate devices and equipment, depending on the specifics of the activity. In the Russian Federation, there are certain regulatory requirements for the organization of jobs. Let's consider them in more detail.

Legal aspect

The requirements for the organization of the workplace are established in:

TK RF.
Legislative acts of subjects.
International and state standards.
Labor contract.
collective agreement.

These acts contain rules, procedures, establish criteria that ensure the preservation of the health and life of people in the course of their professional activities. Compliance with the requirements of the organization of workplaces is the responsibility of each employer.

Classification

Jobs are differentiated depending on the degree of automation. In accordance with this criterion, jobs are allocated:

With manual operation.
Using a power tool with an external drive.
Machine-handmade. In this case, there is a machine / mechanism that functions with the direct participation of the employee.
Machine places. On them, the main activity is carried out by the installation, the control of which and auxiliary operations are carried out by a person.
Automated places. On them, key operations are carried out by machines, and auxiliary operations are fully or partially mechanized.
Hardware locations. They are equipped with special equipment, on which production operations are performed by exposing the object to electrical, physico-chemical or thermal energy.

Organization of the workplace: labor safety requirements

Areas for the implementation of professional activities are located outside the zone of movement of mechanisms, containers, goods, movement of goods. At the same time, convenient monitoring of ongoing processes and management of operations should be provided. The main requirements for the organization of workplaces include an order to create free space between the areas where employees carry out activities. It is necessary for the free movement of people during the operation of the equipment. Labor protection requirements for the organization of workplaces include the obligation to place them in the course of the technological process. At the same time, counter flows should be excluded when moving containers, products, waste. The path of movement of products should be as short as possible, and the transitions of employees are minimized. The general requirements for the organization of the workplace of a locksmith and other specialists employed at the machine, therefore, provide for the establishment of such a state of the sites, as well as the distance between them, so that the free movement of people and vehicles, normal maintenance, repair and cleaning of equipment is ensured.

The position of employees in the course of operations

The requirements for the organization of the workplace provide for the need to provide sufficient space for the rational placement of additional inventory, containers, equipment. The site of professional activity should be convenient for a person. We are also talking about the postures of the employee in which operations are performed. They should not create difficulties for a person. Requirements for the organization of the workplace include a provision on the possibility of performing operations in a sitting position or when alternating standing and sitting positions. This is provided if the activity does not require constant movement. When performing operations in a sitting position, people should be provided with comfortable chairs.

Protection of controllers-cashiers from criminal encroachments

It is provided by the equipment of the premises with emergency lighting and the installation of a "panic button". In the process of transferring funds to a banking organization or during their transportation from it, the employer is obliged to provide the employee with security, and, if necessary, a car. The cashier and persons accompanying him, as well as the driver of the transport, are prohibited from:

Disclose the route of movement and the amount of funds transported.
Allow unauthorized persons to enter the vehicle.
Carry money on public or passing transport, as well as carry it on foot.
Fulfill other orders, be distracted from the delivery of cash to the destination.

Operations for wet-heat treatment of products

Workplaces of ironers are located in premises intended for receiving, maintaining and preparing goods for sale. Special surfaces are equipped with a figured removable wooden board. On both sides it is covered with cloth. On the right, at a slight inclination to the surface, a metal iron stand is installed on the table. On three sides, it should be provided with sides, the height of which is 30-40 mm. They are necessary to prevent the iron from falling. In the right corner in the upper part of the surface, a rack with a height of 800 mm is mounted. It is used to hang the cord of the iron. The ironing table must also have a device for attaching a fan, a trough to prevent products from hanging on the floor during processing. In addition, a retractable arm for hanging the iron, a hinged fan, buttons for turning it on / off, a frame for a piece of cloth is installed on the surface, with which the cleanliness of the sole of the iron is checked. The design of the desktop provides for drawers for storing accessories, tools, a cabinet for storing personal items, a shelf for special pads, brushes, etc. There must be a dielectric mat on the floor. The workplace is also equipped with a chair with a lifting and turning mechanism, a semi-soft seat for a short rest.

Storeroom

The area of the workplace must be at least 6 square meters. m. To ensure normal conditions for the implementation of the professional activities of the storekeeper, insulated cabins are installed. The workplace can be fenced off with a glass partition, the height of which is 1.8 m. The workplace is equipped with a table and a swivel chair. The storekeeper must have at his disposal the tools necessary to open the container (pliers, scissors, pliers, knives, etc.). Lamps are installed above the employee's desk, where he completes the paperwork, and next to the file cabinets.

Space for picker

The workplace is equipped with appropriate inventory, mechanisms and materials depending on the categories of goods. When picking large-sized products (refrigerators, furniture, etc.), the workplace occupies the entire warehouse area. In this case, operations are carried out using autocars or cargo carts equipped with lifting devices. The activities of the picker associated with weighing are carried out using scales with a load capacity of 5-2000 kg. Studio should be installed at the workplace. The height of its seat is 400-450 mm, the depth is 410-500 mm. In addition, the workplace is equipped with local lighting.

Premises for an employee serving a freight elevator

The workplace is located on the site on the main loading floor. If the duties of the elevator operator include escorting the load, then the area of \u200b\u200bhis activity extends to the cabin where objects are transported. At the workplace, a bedside table is installed for storing documentation and a first-aid kit, a telephone or other means of communication, a stool, an internal or external push-button system for controlling sound and light alarms. In the machine room of the elevator, there must be a dielectric mat and gloves, as well as a protective helmet. The key to this room is given to the elevator operator.

Janitor's area

The workplace of this employee is located directly near the area that he serves. When planning the premises, it is necessary to provide passages for cleaning machines and passages for employees. The workplace is equipped with a cabinet with compartments that house detergents, overalls, inventory.

Equipping spaces for VDT and PC users

For employees whose work is related to the use of personal electronic computers and video display terminals, desktops are equipped, the height of which is adjustable within 680-800 mm. If there is no appropriate mechanism, the surface is placed at a distance of 725 mm from the floor. The height of the legroom is not less than 600 mm, the width is not less than 500, and the depth at the level of the knees is 450 mm and the extended legs are 650 mm. This is where the stand should be installed. Its width is not less than 300, and its depth is 400 mm. The stand should be adjustable up to 20 degrees. and height - up to 150 mm. Along the front edge, a side is provided, the height of which is 10 mm. The stand must have a corrugated surface. In the working cross (chair) of the user of the PC and VDT, a lifting and turning mechanism is provided, the back and seat are adjustable in tilt angle and height. Changing parameters should be easy. All mechanisms are performed independently and securely fix the selected position of the elements. The surface of the backrest, seat and other parts with which the employee is in direct contact should have a semi-soft, non-electrifying, non-slip, breathable coating that can be easily cleaned from dirt. The monitor should be located from the eyes of the employee at a distance of 600-700 mm, taking into account the size of alphanumeric characters and signs.

In order for people to work productively, it is necessary to create suitable working conditions. This should begin at the planning stage of office space, if this is not possible, then attention should be paid to the design of workplaces.

Organization of the workplace: important rules

To properly organize the workplace follow the advice:

"Quality furniture is worth more than money". If it is not possible to completely update the furniture, do it at least for the departments that work with clients and, of course, for the manager. This will immediately raise the status of your enterprise in the eyes of people and increase your profits accordingly.

"The table and chair create comfort". Proper selection of this furniture will reduce staff fatigue. Given that everyone is of different heights, it is better to choose chairs with rising seats.

"Clean table". On the working surface there should not be objects that are not related to work.

"Everything has its place". All documents, without exception, must have their permanent place. At the end of the working day, be sure to put everything on the shelves.

"Use Organizers". In order not to clog the workspace, store all small items in a special stand.

"Clean where they don't litter". The administration should introduce some restrictions in the office, for example, to ban smoking and eating in the offices.

"Lighting". A sufficient amount of light is a factor that positively affects the comfortable work and health of the employee.

"Fresh air". Fresh indoor air increases productivity and reduces employee fatigue.

"Volume". You need to choose the best option for external noise that will not cause discomfort to employees.

"Ambient temperature". The environment affects the work of the entire team. Try to optimize it so that everyone is happy.

For most of the population, work is an integral part of life.

People get different emotions from labor activity, some brings pleasure and prosperity, but there are those for which hard work. In any case, most of the time a person spends at work, so you need to know how to make your stay as comfortable and successful as possible.

Organization of the workplace: the correct location of the desktop according to Feng Shui

Lately great meaning when organizing their living space, people give the rules of feng shui. It is this science that optimizes energy flows, which increases the chances of success and prosperity. There is nothing complicated in it, all that is needed is to determine the correct location of the desktop and the items that will be located on it.

Feng Shui Desktop Location: Tips

Between table and wall the opposite should be enough free space- it denotes your plans for the future. The greater the distance, the higher you can move up the career ladder.

The table should not stand under the ceiling beams.- they produce destructive energy. If this is not possible, put vases with fresh flowers, they will take away some of the negativity.

It is forbidden organize workplace on the same line between the window and the door- You will simply be blown away by the flow of energy. Try to rotate the table as much as possible perpendicular to these objects.

Give up table position to the door face or back the best option diagonally. You will see the door, and your back will be protected from an invisible threat.

If in the room huge windows, better stay away from them. At the energy level, they cause unconscious danger. If there is no chance to change the place, cover them with curtains or hang blinds. Additionally, you can decorate the window sills with flowers in pots.

Don't sit under the air conditioner it can not only cause illness, but it will also blow all thoughts out of your head and interfere with work. If possible, move your desktop to a place that is safe in every way.

For good and fruitful work there should be a lot of light above the table. An ideal option is a lamp with an ordinary light bulb in a honey or golden shade, it will become your symbol of good luck.

The workplace should not be reflected in the mirror, it will absorb all your efforts. Even if you like to admire yourself while you work, try to give up this pleasure and sit back from the mirror.

Chair near the desktop is also of great importance dimensions must be proportional to the table. It is better if there are armrests and a good back - this will give you a feeling of support and support. Do not skimp on a quality chair, it will even add self-confidence.

For managers the best option would be to place your workplace how can further from the entrance to the office. A different location will negatively affect your career and even reduce your authority in the team. After all, according to the rules of the ancient world, the leader always chooses the best place.

Subordinates are better off sitting in front of superiors, this will provide him with full protection and support.

When you get a job in a big office, then opportunity to choose a job, no. However, you can still help yourself arranging a personal workplace according to the recommendations of feng shui, which will help neutralize the negative impact from the outside and stabilize the situation.

To have prosperity and success in your career, feng shui rules:

the best location will be the northern part of the room;

in the southeastern part, put a "money tree";

hang an image of a turtle behind your back;

the table lamp should be red.

We figured out the arrangement of furniture, now we will add everything the correct position of objects in the workplace. This will become a certain talisman for achieving even greater success in work and harmony in relations with colleagues.

If your desk looks like a mini junkyard, don't count on a successful career. Feng Shui means perfect order, because without it, positive energy will not be able to circulate freely. To do this, you need to put everything in its place, select a drawer or cabinet for this. The first thing to do is use "bagua" - energy card, which divides any space into 9 parts, each of which is responsible for a specific area of life. Ask yourself what is the most important thing in life for you and, based on the answer, organize your workplace in accordance with your preferences.

Arrangement of objects on the table according to Feng Shui:

Place a lighting fixture in the far left corner. This place is responsible for financial well-being.

Put a photo in the middle left your loved ones or a talisman that is associated with family happiness.

Store books on the front left or other items to record. Add here some blue object to stimulate your cognition.

The area at the back in the center is responsible for the reputation. Place a red lamp or your awards in this place.

In the middle in the center - a place of health. Try to always keep it spotlessly clean, it is better if there are flowers here.

Front center - career site. There must be a computer. A screensaver that shows the ocean or a waterfall symbolizes money.

Rear right - relationship zone. Post a photo of your loved one here, if there is none, then a red flower to attract love.

Middle right - creative zone. Place magazines or any metal objects made of iron in this place.

Place front right customer phone lists.

crystal pyramid in the southern part will be your assistant in overcoming all the difficulties on the way to promotion.

Success in negotiations will provide four-armed Ganesha. Its best location is on your right hand, from time to time refer to it and stroke it.

There are others talismans appropriate on the table that are responsible for material abundance are the three-legged toad, the money tree and Chinese coins. The main thing to remember is that the last item should be hidden from prying eyes, put them under the keyboard.

Making it right soon you notice positive changes at work. Relationships with colleagues and superiors will change. The manager will begin to notice your merit and colleagues' knowledge.

How to organize a computer workplace? Not everyone thinks about it, and after all, not only how convenient it will be for you to work, but also your health in general depends on the proper organization of the workplace. There are simple ways to protect yourself when communicating with a computer. For example, properly organize your workplace. The following recommendations will help you with this.

It is desirable to install the monitor in the corner of the room or deploy it with the back panel to the wall.

In a room where several people work, when placing workplaces with a PC, the distance between desktops with video monitors (in the direction of the rear surface of one video monitor and the screen of another video monitor) must be at least 2.0 m, and the distance between the side surfaces of video monitors must be at least 1.2 m. In no case should you put computers against each other. Do not leave the monitor turned on for a long time, use the "standby" mode more often. Ground your PC.

During operation, the distance to the monitor screen must be at least 70 cm.

For professional personal computer operators, schoolchildren and students throughout the Russian Federation, sanitary rules and norms SanPiN 2.2.2 / 2.4.1340-03 “Hygienic requirements for personal electronic computers and organization of work” (as amended by SanPiN 2.2.2 / 2.4.2198-07 Amendment No. 1, SanPiN 2.2.2/2.4.2620-10 Amendment No. 2, SanPiN 2.2.2/2.4.2732-10 Amendment No. 3).

The main measures for the prevention of visual fatigue are: proper organization of the workplace, limiting the duration of work with a computer in accordance with the category of the user and the nature of the work performed by him; for professional users - mandatory regulated breaks during which special exercises for the eyes should be performed; in schools, technical schools and universities - connection to computers of timers that normalize the time of work with the monitor, regular exercise for the eyes, restoration of physical performance.

The workplace should be comfortable and well-lit, the rays of light should not fall directly into the eyes.

It is better to place the monitor a little further than it is done during normal reading. The top edge of the screen should be at or slightly below eye level. If you are working with texts on paper, the sheets should be placed as close to the screen as possible to avoid frequent movements of the head and eyes when looking away. Lighting must be organized so that there are no glare on the screen. Create good lighting in the room where you work. Use modern fixtures that provide optimal lighting. In the room where you work, do not use paints and wallpapers of cold tones, as well as dark ones. The best colors for a person are white, lemon yellow and light green.

We should not forget that the computer screen is capable of collecting dust. Wipe the image regularly with an antistatic solution or use special wipes to keep the image clear. Do not use alcohol to wipe the monitors - the anti-reflective coating may deteriorate.

The keyboard also needs to be cleaned. It is best to do this with a cotton swab. From time to time, the keyboard should be turned over and shaken out. Humidify the air in winter and dry it in summer. Fight dust. A hanger for outerwear, a place for shoes should be isolated from the room.

Isolate yourself from noise as much as possible. Try not to create it yourself. Learn to speak in a calm voice, do not talk a lot.

The furniture that you use when working on a computer should be comfortable, as the convenience of the location of the arms, legs and spine depends on it. It is impossible to neglect the spine - it reacts very quickly and noticeably to this. In recent years, a huge number of office chairs and armchairs have been produced, which allow you to feel comfortable throughout the working day.

The height of the computer desk should be such that during operation the screen is located slightly below the line of sight, and you would not have to spend several hours in a row with your head up. There should be enough space under the table so that tired legs can be stretched out from time to time; and the chair should be the so-called "computer" - rotating, with adjustable height, armrests and a comfortable back, with a semi-soft non-slip coating; if necessary, a pillow can be placed under the back to prevent lumbosacral osteochondrosis. In the sitting position, the feet should be on the floor, the thigh should be parallel to the floor, the back should be straight.

The depth of the table should be such that the distance to the monitor screen is at least 50 cm. Its width depends on the number of peripheral devices and various stationery. The design of the work chair should provide:

width and depth of the seat surface not less than 400 mm;

seat surface with rounded front edge;

height adjustment of the seat surface within 400 - 550 mm and tilt angle forward up to 15 degrees, back up to 5 degrees;

the height of the supporting surface of the backrest is 300-20 mm, the width is not less than 380 mm and the radius of curvature of the horizontal plane is 400 mm;

the angle of inclination of the backrest in the vertical plane within 30 degrees;

adjustment of the backrest distance from the front edge of the seat within 260 - 400 mm;

stationary or removable armrests with a length of at least 250 mm and a width of 50 - 70 mm;

adjustment of the armrests in height above the seat within 230-30 mm and the internal distance between the armrests within 350 - 500 mm.

The back of the office chair serves as a stable support for the lumbar and lower half of the thoracic spine. A slight bulge in the lower part of the back fixes the middle lumbar vertebrae in the correct position of the physiological curve inherent in the lumbar spine. An important point is the presence of a special tilt regulator at the back. In the process of work, regular rest is necessary, since the monotonous posture is quite tiring for the eyes, neck and back. During work, it is necessary to take small breaks of 10-15 minutes every hour, while it is advisable to do exercises for the neck and eyes or just spend time in motion.

Naturally, the room must be ventilated. These simple tips will help keep you healthy as well as doing your job more efficiently. (Based on SanPiN 2.2.2/2.4.1340-03 "Hygienic requirements for personal electronic computers and organization of work" (as amended by SanPiN 2.2.2/2.4.2732-10)

The material was prepared by the methodologist of the GMTs DOGM L.A. Shutilina

Principles of workplace organization

Workplace - an employee's work area equipped with

the necessary means to carry out their duties.

Workplace organization is a system of measures for equipping

workplace means and objects of labor and their functional

schenie taking into account the anthropometric data of the performer.

Main factors in workplace design:

Technology and nature of the work performed;

Relationships in the labor process;

Fire safety and industrial sanitation rules;

Specific requirements of state supervision bodies for special

social premises and services.

Arrange structural subdivisions as close as possible to each other

with a related nature of work, as well as workplaces of cooperation

kov having the most frequent business contacts with each other;

Departments that, due to the specifics of the work performed, are associated with

reception of third-party visitors: for example, the personnel department, AHS, department

MTO should be located in the lower floors of the building near the entrances;

When placing structural units, consider the possibility

expansion, installation of additional equipment, as well as organization

downgrading of new departments;

When placing the workplace, take into account the standard area on

one worker, proper lighting (natural light

must fall to the left or front), uncluttered space

(unnecessary items for direct work operations),

free and safe access to the places of inclusion in the network of funds

office equipment;

Eliminate the distracting and adverse effects of street

irritants, as well as, if possible, reduce thermal radiation from heating devices and light radiation from monitor screens, televisions and other audiovisual means;

Choose the shape and dimensions of furniture, taking into account anthropometric indicators to ensure a comfortable position of the body while sitting at work and create good visual perception;

Select office equipment, mechanization means with the highest possible degree of their typification;

Organize employee places in accordance with the technological

the process of their work;

Improve working conditions, creating a favorable sanitary

hygienic environment.

5S workplace rationalization system

This system, which is one of the tools for the formation and

functioning of the so-called "lean office", was developed in

post-war Japan at Toyota.

It is based on the whole philosophy of low-cost, successful, lean production, and it is becoming quite popular in Russian offices, although its full-fledged implementation is complicated by the lack of appropriate practice and psychological resistance not only from ordinary office personnel, but also from management.

The 5S system is five steps towards creating a comprehensive quality environment that enhances productivity, quality and safety

labor. The 5S system takes its name from the first letters of five Japanese words and their English counterparts:

. seiri (Sorting) "sorting » - a clear division of things into the necessary and

unnecessary and getting rid of the latter;

. seiton (Simplifying) "keeping order" (accuracy, self-organization

nization) - organization of storage of necessary things, which allows you to quickly and easily find and use them;

. seiso (Sweeping) "keeping clean" (cleaning) - keeping the workplace clean and tidy;

. seiketsu (Standardizing) "standardization" (keeping order) -

a necessary condition for the fulfillment of the first three rules;

. shitsuke (Sustaining) "perfection" (habit formation) –

fostering the habit of precise implementation of established rules, procedures and technological operations.

Goals of the 5S system:

Creation of a comfortable psychological climate, stimulation

desire to work;

Increasing the productivity of office workers;

Reducing time and material costs;

Minimization of "idle operations" and labor costs;

Reducing the number of accidents.

Calculation of office space area (according to V.V. Pirozhkov)

In the office, each employee should be able to

free access to your workplace or equipment of common use

calling. Therefore, when placing workplaces and equipment, take into account

the dimensions of the aisles and some other distances in the service premises.

Here's what they can be.

For example, passage width (cm):

for one person - 60;

for two people - 80;

for three people - 100;

between tables - 55–90;

between the wall and the table - 65–85;

between heating appliances and the desktop - 55.

Can be used to determine the required working area

places in each case, the total method of calculation:

Ptot \u003d Pr + Po + Ppr,

where Ptot - the entire area of the workplace;

Pr - the area necessary for the work and movement of the employee;

P is the area occupied by the equipment;

Ppr is the area of passages.

With this method of calculation, you can also take into account the required area

for visitors and for equipment used collectively. When using

using the total method, the calculation is carried out in accordance with the standards for individual

workplace elements.

The most convenient are the rectangular shape of the rooms with a ratio of 1:1; 1:1.5 and maximum - 1:2;

the minimum height of the rooms is 3.25 m;

the minimum width is 2.5–3 m.

With two-sided natural lighting, the maximum width (depth) of the premises is 12-15 m, and with one-sided - 6-7 m.

The minimum area per one workplace of an employee (without a PC) is 4.25 m2.

Factors of office space arrangement

This should take into account:

The need for office staff in privacy and concentration;

Types of labor processes used;

The nature of subordination;

The need for meeting rooms and back-up

areas.

Depending on the main specifics of the office, the ratio of these factors

changes: for concentrated, with maximum concentration work, it is better

just a separate office is suitable, and for communication - open in one or another

degree space.

To take into account these factors, when arranging office space, three types of layout are used: closed, open and combined.