Youth Personnel Center. Blacksmith with hammers and presses Blacksmith with hammers and presses job description

2nd category

Characteristics of works. Participation in forging parts on various hammers and presses as an assistant, together with a blacksmith of a higher qualification. Furnace heating, feeding, unloading and heating of blanks from carbon low-alloy steels and non-ferrous metals for forging. Management of lifting and transport equipment from the floor, slinging of goods for their lifting and moving.

Must know: device and principle of operation of serviced hammers, forges, furnaces; purpose and conditions for the use of tools and devices; methods of heating metal in forges and furnaces; a system of allowances and tolerances for forgings, rules for managing handling equipment and rules for slinging.

3rd category

Characteristics of works. Forging simple and medium complexity parts and blanks from steels of various grades (except high-alloy and heat-resistant) and non-ferrous metal alloys on hammers with a mass of falling parts up to 1.5 tons and presses with a force of up to 8 MN (800 tf). Performing work on forging, broaching, upsetting and straightening of parts. Manufacture of simple and medium complexity blacksmith tools. Forging the fork tubes under the hammer. Stamping in lining stamps. Forge welding and hardfacing of simple parts. Cutting of hot metal. Assembly of blanks under the hammer.

Must know: installation of serviced hammers, presses, heating furnaces, lifting mechanisms, forging techniques, rules for preparing equipment and accessories for work; machining allowances and tolerances for forgings; forging properties of metal; properties and modes of heating and forging of carbon and alloy steels; rules for using devices for determining the heating temperature.

Work examples

Shoes - a nozzle on cylinders.
Bolts, nuts - forging.
Details of spring suspension, rolling stock bogies and turnout traction - forging, straightening.
Potato digger teeth - forging.
Cores - forging.
Tongs manual blacksmith - forging.
Keys - forging blanks for stamping.
Thimbles up to 20 mm in diameter - forged.
Hammers, chisels, sledgehammers, axes - forging.
Mandrel for cutters - forging.
Wheel pair axles - broach.
Footrests, handrails, brackets, corners - bending.
Rectangular forgings weighing up to 30 kg - forging.
Large cutters and shaped cutters - forging.
Straight levers, pliers, technical wire cutters - forging blanks for stamping.
Hubs, axles, cams of cartridges, leashes - forging.
Pipes - knitting (driving) of pipe ends with heating on hammers, presses and forging machines.
Pipes - knitting (driving) of pipe ends on hammers, presses and forging machines without heating.
The rods are straight and with several bends - forging.
Elbows, tees, fittings - forging.
The dies are pressed into a steel frame under a hammer and a press.
Flanges, rings and discs with a diameter of up to 300 mm - forging with hole piercing.
Gears up to 300 mm in diameter - forged.
Dowels, tiles, staples - forging.
Eccentrics of connecting rods weighing up to 200 kg - forging.

4th category

Characteristics of works. Forging of simple and medium complexity parts and blanks from high-alloy and heat-resistant steels on hammers with a mass of falling parts up to 3 tons and presses with a force of up to 15 MN (1500 tf). Forging complex parts and blanks from steels of various grades (except high-alloy and heat-resistant) and non-ferrous metal alloys on hammers with a mass of falling parts up to 1.5 tons and presses with a force of up to 8 MN (800 tf). Forging of simple and medium complexity parts and blanks from steels of various grades (except high-alloy and heat-resistant) and non-ferrous metal alloys on hammers with a mass of falling parts from 1.5 to 3 tons and presses with a force of 8 to 15 MN (from 800 to 1500 tf) . Performing work on broaching, swinging, cutting off blanks, parts and driving pipe ends for drawing. Free forging rods from refractory metals and their alloys. Rolling out thick-walled rings on dummy strikers and on special rolling machines. Forge welding and hardfacing of complex and medium complexity parts. Establishing a sequence of transitions for forging parts according to templates, complex drawings and sketches in compliance with the specified tolerances and surface finish. Assembly of large workpieces under the hammer.

Must know: arrangement of hammers and presses of various types; complex forging techniques for complex forgings; the procedure for determining the main operations technological process forging; design features of forging heating furnaces; arrangement of all types of blacksmith tools and fixtures; forging properties of steels; modes of heating steels of various grades; methods and techniques for loading blanks in the furnace and heating them; calculation of billet length and forging volume.

Work examples

Forging complex parts and blanks from steels of various grades (except high-alloy and heat-resistant) and non-ferrous metal alloys on hammers with a mass of falling parts up to 1.5 tons and presses with a force of up to 8 MN (800 tf):

Cylinders up to 50 l - forging.
Cylinders under pressure of 10 MPa and above - shoe attachment.
Tires with inner diameter up to 500 mm - forging with rolling.
Buffer and channel beams, belts of rolling stock bogies - straightening.
Drills with a diameter of up to 40 mm and a length of up to 4000 mm - forging and straightening.
One-, two- and three-cranked shafts weighing up to 500 kg - forged.
Shafts with flanges and without flanges weighing up to 500 kg - forged.
Parts of the automatic coupling of the brake linkage of the rolling stock - forging and straightening.
Blanks for stamping parts from non-ferrous alloys - forging.
Links and chains assembled - forging.
Blacksmith's tool - forging.
Special cutting and auxiliary tool - forging.
Rings with outer diameter up to 500 mm and height up to 250 mm - rolling.
Thimbles with a diameter of over 20 to 48 mm - forging.
Gondola car roofs - forging, straightening.
Surgical hooks for breeding the edges of wounds, medical gynecological lifts - forging blanks for stamping.
Brake band for windlass up to 550 mm in diameter - forged.
Couplings with an outer flange diameter of up to 300 mm with or without piercing - forging.
Wagon axles - forging.
Handles and levers of complex configuration - forging.
Rack cultivators - forging.
Podbuksovye strings - forging.
Soufflé metal passenger car - forging, straightening.
Pipes - knitting (driving) of pipe ends on hammers, presses and forging machines with heating.
Pins - forging.
Connecting rods weighing up to 100 kg - forged.
Thin-walled gears up to 500 mm in diameter - forged.

Forging of simple and medium complexity parts and blanks from steels of various grades (except high-alloy and heat-resistant) and non-ferrous metal alloys on hammers with a mass of falling parts from 1.5 to 3 tons and presses with a force of 8 to 15 MN (from 800 to 1500 tf) , as well as from high-alloy and heat-resistant steels on hammers with a mass of falling parts up to 3 tons and presses with a force of up to 15 MN (1500 tf):

Shafts stepped with flanges weighing up to 1000 kg - forging.
Liner bushings up to 500 mm in diameter, up to 250 mm long - forged.
Billets from non-ferrous alloys - broaching and cutting.
Blacksmith's tool - forging.
Two-horned hooks for cranes with a lifting capacity of up to 10 tons - forging with rolling.
Levers of various configurations - forging blanks for stamping.
High-alloy and heat-resistant steels - cutting into blanks.
Two-head rods up to 2000 mm long - forged.
Flanges, rings and discs with a diameter of more than 300 to 500 mm - forging with hole piercing.
Gears with a diameter of more than 300 to 500 mm - forging.

5th category

Characteristics of works. Forging complex parts and blanks from high-alloy and heat-resistant steels of a certain assortment on hammers with a mass of falling parts up to 3 tons and presses with a force of up to 15 MN (1500 tf). Forging parts of various profiles and sizes from ingots on hammers with a mass of falling parts up to 8 tons and presses with a force of up to 30 MN (3000 tf). Forging of simple and medium complexity parts and blanks from non-ferrous alloys, from steels of various grades, including high-alloy and heat-resistant, on hammers with a mass of falling parts over 3 tons and presses with a force of 15 MN (1500 tf). Forging complex parts and blanks from steels of various grades (except high-alloy and heat-resistant) and non-ferrous metal alloys on hammers with a mass of falling parts over 1.5 tons and presses with a force of 8 to 15 MN (800 to 1500 tf). Forging parts with a minimum number of heatings in compliance with the established allowances and tolerances. Performing work on broaching, rolling, cutting off complex parts and blanks on the above hammers and presses. Forging of cylinders of various capacities from steels of various grades.

Must know: device and principle of operation of hydraulic, steam-hydraulic presses and steam-air hammers of various types; design of all types of blacksmith tools and fixtures; structure and defects of ingots, rolled products and forgings.

Work examples

Forging of simple and medium complexity parts and blanks from steels of various grades, including high-alloy and heat-resistant, and from non-ferrous metal alloys on hammers with a mass of falling parts over 3 tons and presses with a force of over 15 MN (1500 tf), as well as complex parts and workpieces from steels of various grades (except for high-alloy and heat-resistant) and non-ferrous metal alloys on hammers with a mass of falling parts from 1.5 to 3 tons and presses with a force of 8 to 15 MN (from 800 to 1500 tf) and from high-alloy and heat-resistant steels on hammers with a mass of falling parts up to 3 tons and presses with a force up to 15 MN (1500 tf):

Cylinders with a capacity of over 50 liters - forging.
Bandages with an inner diameter of over 500 to 2000 mm - forging with rolling.
Propeller shafts, thrust shafts up to 400 mm in diameter - forged.
One-, two- and three-crankshafts weighing more than 500 kg - forging.
Shafts with a flange weighing 500 kg up to 10 tons - forging.
Curly keys over 800 mm long - forged.
Rings with an outer diameter of more than 500 mm and a height of more than 250 mm - rolling.
One-horned hooks for cranes and hoists - forging.
Brake band for windlass with diameter over 550 mm up to 1300 mm - forging.
Couplings with an outer flange diameter of more than 300 mm with and without piercing - forging.
Stoppers for steel-pouring ladles - editing.
Drawbars figured on a template - forging.
Connecting rods for crank presses - forging.
Thin-walled gears with a diameter of over 500 mm - forged.
Machine tool spindles - forging.

Forging parts of various profiles and sizes from ingots on hammers with a mass of falling parts up to 8 tons and presses with a force of up to 30 MN (3000 tf):

Crankshafts with six knees located in one plane - forging.
Shafts stepped with flanges weighing more than 1000 kg - forging.
Shafts eccentric over 50 kg - forging.
Bushings for liners with a diameter of more than 500 mm, a length of more than 250 mm - forging.
Two-horned hooks for cranes with a lifting capacity of over 10 to 200 tons - forging.
Tractor crankshaft counterweights - forging.
Levers, brackets weighing over 500 kg - forged.
Ingots weighing up to 20 tons - broaching and cutting, cutting blanks.
Flanges, rings and discs with a diameter of more than 500 mm - forging with hole piercing.
Connecting rods for high power engines - forging.
Connecting rods weighing over 100 to 500 kg - forging.
Gears with a diameter over 500 mm - forging.

6th category

Characteristics of works. Forging complex parts and blanks from steels of various grades, including high-alloy and heat-resistant steels, from metal alloys on hammers with a mass of falling parts over 3 tons and presses with a force of over 15 MN (1500 tf). Forging parts of various profiles and sizes from ingots on hammers with a mass of falling parts over 8 tons and presses with a force of over 30 MN (300 tf). Establishment of the most rational sequence of forging transitions. Ensuring the preparation of all units and mechanisms for work, quality control of forgings.

Must know: structural features of hydraulic, steam-hydraulic presses and steam-air hammers of various capacities; installation of forging heating furnaces and hoisting and transport mechanisms used in forging production; methods of manufacturing blacksmith tools and fixtures used in free forging; the main causes of failure of presses, hammers, dies, strikers and ways to prevent them; ways to eliminate the harmful effects of forging on the mechanical properties of steel; methods for determining the mass of forgings and the dimensions of ingots for forgings.

Work examples

Forging complex parts and blanks from steels of various grades, including high-alloy and heat-resistant steels, from non-ferrous metal alloys on hammers with a mass of falling parts over 3 tons and presses with a force of over 15 MN (1500 tf):

Bandages with an inner diameter of more than 2000 mm - forging with rolling.
Propeller shafts, thrust shafts with a diameter of more than 400 mm - forged.
Crankshafts with six knees located in different planes - forging.
Shafts with flanges weighing more than 10 tons - forging.
Brake band for windlass with diameter over 1300 mm - forged.
Levers of lifting and traction winches - forging.
Earrings for hanging a large cone of blast furnaces - forging.
Pipe rods of small cones of blast furnaces - forging.

Forging parts of various profiles and sizes from ingots on hammers with a mass of falling parts over 8 tons and presses with a force of over 30 MN (3000 tf):

Multi-crankshafts with knees located in different planes, weighing more than 10 tons - forging.
Two-horned hooks for cranes with a lifting capacity of more than 20 tons - forging.
Ingots weighing more than 20 tons - broaching, cutting off blanks.
Connecting rods weighing over 500 kg - forging.
Rods of large cones of blast furnaces - forging.

Description:

A blacksmith is a forging metal worker. This is one of the most sought after and highly paid.

Its origin goes back to the distant past, when a blacksmith made tools and jewelry. This profession has not lost its relevance in our time. Not a single machine-building enterprise can do without blacksmiths on hammers and presses - they are truly masters of fire and metal.

Blacksmiths work on modern forging and pressing equipment. They forge simple and complex parts from different grades of steel, including high-alloy and heat-resistant, non-ferrous metals and their alloys on hammers with a mass of falling parts up to 3 tons, and presses with a force of up to 15 tons, perform free forging and forge welding of parts of varying degrees of complexity. A blacksmith on hammers and presses knows the structure of hammers and presses.

Complex forging techniques, structural features of forging furnaces, determine the order of the main operations of the forging process, methods for loading blanks in the furnace and heating them, as well as heating modes for steels of different grades.The blacksmith is engaged in the processing of metal blanks and the production of metal products.

This noble ancient profession kings, and even gods, were not shy. Traditionally male craft requires special skills and strength. Kuznetsk business is a kind of art, who mastered it perfectly became a respected member of society ... and a rather wealthy person.

Features of the profession

Another name for a blacksmith is a blacksmith. This word is borrowed from the Ukrainian language. In Soviet times, the word "forger" began to denote a separate blacksmith specialty. At the hippodromes, forgers worked, who were exclusively engaged in shoeing horses, and blacksmiths who made these horseshoes, i.e. worked in a forge with metal. The work of a farrier can be called intermediate between blacksmithing and veterinary medicine (veterinary orthopedics).

But in the West there is a similar division according to specialties: a farrier is a specialist who stuffs horseshoes for horses, a blacksmith is a blacksmith as such, working in a forge, making horseshoes. Unlike Russian farriers, in Europe and America, forgers are sure to know how to make horseshoes on their own, including complex and orthopedic ones. Recently, this trend has also been observed in Russia.

Workplace

If in the old days the forge was the main place of work, now, as a result of industrialization, many blacksmiths work in the workshops of enterprises. Although there are still forges where craftsmen are engaged, as a rule, in artistic forging and casting. Often in blacksmith shops and forges they work as a team. Its composition depends on the types of work and the equipment used. When hand forging, the blacksmith-hammerer can be assisted by trainees. In production, the team is led by a foreman.

Cons of the profession

Since you have to work mainly in an inclined position, the back often suffers. Increased noise levels that may affect hearing. Vibration associated with the work of the hammer, which falls primarily on the hands, shoulder girdle and affects the health of the joints and ligaments. In addition, this is a traumatic occupation that requires strict adherence to safety precautions and attention.

Responsibilities:

In the forging and pressing shops of machine-building enterprises, on hammers and presses of high power, parts and blanks of various profiles and sizes are forged.
Heats up furnaces, heats workpieces in them.
Performs work on bending, broaching, upsetting, straightening, rolling and cutting of parts and blanks.
Rolls out thick-walled rings on supports and special rolling machines.
Performs forge welding and hardfacing of parts.
Cuts hot metal.
Crafts blacksmith tools.
Controls the quality of forgings.

Requirements:

Professional education

Masters of artistic forging often become graduates of art universities. In particular, in art universities there is a specialty "artistic processing of metals." Technologies of artistic processing of metals (artistic forging, artistic casting) are taught in metallurgical universities.

In the specialties "technology of metal forming", "blacksmith on hammers and presses", "blacksmith-puncher" are taught in colleges.

Most often, they become blacksmiths in a different way - they go to the assistants to the current master. Get ready to carry water and coal here. Some blacksmiths do not let students near the hammer for quite a long time, some from the first days include an assistant in the work to the maximum, suggest that they come to various rules and techniques from their own experience. It all depends on the person you get to, but any master has something to learn, because most often, everyone specializes in a certain area: artistic forging, weapons, and so on. This is how, almost by old-fashioned methods, this ancient profession is passed down from generation to generation.

Important qualities

Who can work as a blacksmith? Of course, a man who is physically strong. He must have good eyesight, an ideal eye, the ability to tolerate high temperatures, visual memory. And, as the blacksmiths themselves say, for successful work you need to be able to feel the material. Artistic forging is usually done by people who are artistically gifted, able to draw, prone to applied arts. At the same time, it is important to take into account the physical loads that the blacksmith has to cope with. Medical contraindications: work is not recommended for people with impaired coordination of movements.

Unified Tariff and Qualification Directory of Works and Professions of Workers (ETKS), 2019
Part No. 1 of issue No. 2 ETKS
The issue is approved by the Decree of the Ministry of Labor of the Russian Federation of November 15, 1999 N 45
(as amended by the Order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation of November 13, 2008 N 645)

Blacksmith with hammers and presses

§ 17. Blacksmith on hammers and presses of the 2nd category

Job Description. Participation in forging parts on various hammers and presses as an assistant, together with a blacksmith of a higher qualification. Furnace heating, feeding, unloading and heating of blanks from carbon low-alloy steels and non-ferrous metals for forging. Management of lifting and transport equipment from the floor, slinging of goods for their lifting and moving.

§ 18. Blacksmith on hammers and presses of the 3rd category

Job Description. Forging simple and medium complexity parts and blanks from steels of various grades (except high-alloy and heat-resistant) and non-ferrous metal alloys on hammers with a mass of falling parts up to 1.5 tons and presses with a force of up to 8 MN (800 tf). Performing work on bending, broaching, upsetting and straightening parts. Manufacture of simple and medium complexity blacksmith tools. Forging the fork tubes under the hammer. Stamping in lining stamps. Forge welding and hardfacing of simple parts. Cutting of hot metal. Assembly of blanks under the hammer.

Must know: installation of serviced hammers, presses, heating furnaces, lifting mechanisms; forging techniques, rules for preparing equipment and fixtures for work; machining allowances and tolerances for forgings; forging properties of metal; properties and modes of heating and forging of carbon and alloy steels; rules for using devices for determining the heating temperature.

Work examples

2. Shoes - nozzle for cylinders.

3. Bolts, nuts - forging.

4. Details of spring suspension, rolling stock bogies and turnout traction - forging, straightening.

5. Potato digger teeth - forging.

6. Cores - forging.

7. Hand pliers forging - forging.

8. Thimbles up to 20 mm in diameter - forged.

9. Keys - forging blanks for stamping.

10. Hammers, chisels, sledgehammers, axes - forging.

11. Mandrel for cutters - forging.

12. Wheel pair axles - broach.

13. Footrests, handrails, brackets, corners - bending.

14. Rectangular forgings weighing up to 30 kg - forging.

15. Large cutters and shaped tool holders - forging.

16. Hubs, axles, cartridge jaws, leashes - forging.

17. Straight levers, pliers, technical wire cutters - forging blanks for stamping.

18. Pipes - knitting (driving) of pipe ends with heating on hammers, presses and forging machines.

19. Pipes - knitting (driving) of pipe ends on hammers, presses and forging machines without heating.

20. Traction straight and with several kinks - forging.

21. Elbows, tees, fittings - forging.

22. Dies - pressing into a steel frame under a hammer and a press.

23. Flanges, rings and discs with a diameter of up to 300 mm - forging with hole piercing.

24. Gears up to 300 mm in diameter - forged.

25. Dowels, tiles, staples - forging.

26. Eccentrics of connecting rods weighing up to 200 kg - forging.

§ 19. Blacksmith on hammers and presses of the 4th category

Job Description. Forging of simple and medium complexity parts and blanks from high-alloy and heat-resistant steels on hammers with a mass of falling parts up to 3 tons and presses with a force of up to 15 MN (1500 tf). Forging complex parts and blanks from steels of various grades (except high-alloy and heat-resistant) and non-ferrous metal alloys on hammers with a mass of falling parts up to 1.5 tons and presses with a force of up to 8 MN (800 tf). Forging of simple and medium complexity parts and blanks from steels of various grades (except high-alloy and heat-resistant) and non-ferrous metal alloys on hammers with a mass of falling parts from 1.5 to 3 tons and presses with a force of 8 to 15 MN (from 800 to 1500 tf) . Performing work on broaching, rolling, cutting off blanks, parts and driving pipe ends for drawing. Free forging rods from refractory metals and their alloys. Rolling out thick-walled rings on dummy strikers and on special rolling machines. Forge welding and hardfacing of complex and medium complexity parts. Establishing a sequence of transitions for forging parts according to templates, complex drawings and sketches in compliance with the specified tolerances and surface finish. Assembly of large workpieces under the hammer.

Must know: arrangement of hammers and presses of various types; complex forging techniques for complex forgings; the procedure for determining the main operations of the forging process; design features of forging heating furnaces; arrangement of all types of blacksmith tools and fixtures; forging properties of steels; modes of heating steels of various grades; methods and techniques for loading blanks in the furnace and heating them; calculation of billet length and forging volume.

Work examples

1. Cylinders with a capacity of up to 50 liters - forging.

2. Cylinders with a capacity of more than 50 liters - forging.

3. Cylinders under pressure of 10 MPa and above - shoe attachment.

4. Tires with an inner diameter of up to 500 mm - forging with rolling.

5. Buffer and channel beams, belts of rolling stock bogies - straightening.

6. Drills with a diameter of up to 40 mm and a length of up to 4000 mm - forging and straightening.

7. One-, two- and three-crankshafts weighing up to 500 kg - forging.

8. Shafts with flanges and without flanges weighing up to 500 kg - forging.

9. Parts of the automatic coupling of the brake linkage of the rolling stock - forging and straightening.

10. Blanks for stamping parts from non-ferrous alloys - forging.

11. Links and chains assembled - forging.

12. Blacksmith's tool - forging.

13. Special and auxiliary cutting tool - forging.

14. Thimbles with a diameter of more than 20 to 48 mm - forging.

15. Surgical hooks for spreading the edges of wounds, medical gynecological lifts - forging blanks for stamping.

16. Roofs of gondola cars - forging, straightening.

17. Rings with an outer diameter of up to 500 mm and a height of up to 250 mm - rolling.

18. Brake band for windlass up to 550 mm in diameter - forged.

19. Couplings with an outer flange diameter of up to 300 mm with or without piercing - forging.

20. Carriage axles - forging.

21. Handles and levers of complex configuration - forging.

22. Rack of cultivators - forging.

23. Soufflé metal passenger car - forging, straightening.

24. Pipes - knitting (driving) of pipe ends on hammers, presses and forging machines with heating.

25. Pins - forging.

26. Connecting rods weighing up to 100 kg - forging.

27. Thin-walled gears up to 500 mm in diameter - forged.

1. Stepped shafts with flanges weighing up to 1000 kg - forged.

2. Liner bushings up to 500 mm in diameter, up to 250 mm long - forged.

3. Billets from non-ferrous alloys - broaching and cutting.

4. Blacksmith's tool - forging.

5. Two-horned hooks for cranes with a lifting capacity of up to 10 tons - forging with rolling.

6. Levers of various configurations - forging blanks for stamping.

7. High-alloy and heat-resistant steels - cutting into blanks.

8. Two-head rods up to 2000 mm long - forged.

9. Flanges, rings and discs with a diameter of more than 300 to 500 mm - forging with hole piercing.

10. Gears with a diameter of more than 300 to 500 mm - forging.

§ 20. Blacksmith on hammers and presses of the 5th category

Job Description. Forging complex parts and blanks from high-alloy and heat-resistant steels of a certain assortment on hammers with a mass of falling parts up to 3 tons and presses with a force of up to 15 MN (1500 tf). Forging parts of various profiles and sizes from ingots on hammers with a mass of falling parts up to 8 tons and presses with a force of up to 30 MN (3000 tf). Forging of simple and medium complexity parts and blanks from non-ferrous alloys, from steels of various grades, including high-alloy and heat-resistant, on hammers with a mass of falling parts over 3 tons and presses with a force of 15 MN (1500 tf). Forging complex parts and blanks from steels of various grades (except high-alloy and heat-resistant) and non-ferrous metal alloys on hammers with a mass of falling parts over 1.5 tons and presses with a force of 8 to 15 MN (800 to 1500 tf). Forging parts with a minimum number of heatings in compliance with the established allowances and tolerances. Performing work on broaching, rolling, cutting off complex parts and blanks on the above hammers and presses. Forging of cylinders of various capacities from steels of various grades.

Work examples

1. Cylinders with a capacity of over 50 liters - forging.

2. Bandages with an inner diameter of more than 500 to 2000 mm - forging with rolling.

3. Propeller shafts, thrust shafts up to 400 mm in diameter - forged.

4. One-, two- and three-crankshafts weighing more than 500 kg - forging.

5. Shafts with a flange weighing 500 kg up to 10 tons - forging.

6. Curly keys over 800 mm long - forged.

7. Rings with an outer diameter of more than 500 mm and a height of more than 250 mm - rolling.

8. One-horn hooks for cranes and hoists - forging.

9. Brake band for windlass with a diameter of over 550 mm to 1300 mm - forging.

10. Couplings with an outer flange diameter of more than 300 mm with and without piercing - forging.

11. Stoppers for steel-pouring ladles - editing.

12. Curly rods according to the template - forging.

13. Connecting rods for crank presses - forging.

14. Thin-walled gears with a diameter of more than 500 mm - forging.

15. Machine tool spindles - forging.

Forging parts of various profiles and sizes from ingots on hammers with a mass of falling parts up to 8 tons and presses with a force of up to 30 MN (3000 tf):

1. Crankshafts with six knees located in the same plane - forging.

2. Step shafts with flanges weighing more than 1000 kg - forging.

3. Eccentric shafts over 50 kg - forging.

4. Bushings for liners with a diameter of more than 500 mm, a length of more than 250 mm - forging.

5. Two-horned hooks for cranes with a lifting capacity of over 10 to 200 tons - forging.

6. Tractor crankshaft counterweights - forging.

7. Levers, brackets weighing more than 500 kg - forging.

8. Ingots weighing up to 20 tons - broaching and cutting, cutting blanks.

9. Flanges, rings and discs with a diameter of more than 500 mm - forging with hole piercing.

10. Connecting rods for high power engines - forging.

11. Connecting rods weighing over 100 to 500 kg - forging.

12. Gears with a diameter of more than 500 mm - forging.

§ 21. Blacksmith on hammers and presses of the 6th category

Job Description. Forging complex parts and blanks from steels of various grades, including high-alloy and heat-resistant steels, from metal alloys on hammers with a mass of falling parts over 3 tons and presses with a force of over 15 MN (1500 tf). Forging parts of various profiles and sizes from ingots on hammers with a mass of falling parts over 8 tons and presses with a force of over 30 MN (300 tf). Establishment of the most rational sequence of forging transitions. Ensuring the preparation of all units and mechanisms for work, quality control of forgings.

Work examples

1. Bandages with an inner diameter of more than 2000 mm - forging with rolling.

2. Propeller shafts, thrust shafts with a diameter of more than 400 mm - forging.

3. Crankshafts with six knees located in different planes - forging.

4. Shafts with flanges weighing more than 10 tons - forging.

5. Brake band for windlass with diameter over 1300 mm - forging.

6. Levers of lifting and traction winches - forging.

7. Earrings for hanging a large cone of blast furnaces - forging.

8. Pipe rods of small cones of blast furnaces - forging.

Forging parts of various profiles and sizes from ingots on hammers with a mass of falling parts over 8 tons and presses with a force of over 30 MN (3000 tf):

1. Multi-crankshafts with knees located in different planes, weighing more than 10 tons - forging.

2. Two-horned hooks for cranes with a lifting capacity of more than 20 tons - forging.

3. Ingots weighing more than 20 tons - broaching, cutting off blanks.

4. Connecting rods weighing over 500 kg - forging.

5. Rods of large cones of blast furnaces - forging.

Characteristics of works. Forging of simple and medium complexity parts and blanks from high-alloy and heat-resistant steels on hammers with a mass of falling parts up to 3 tons and presses with a force of up to 15 MN (1500 tf). Forging complex parts and blanks from steels of various grades (except high-alloy and heat-resistant) and non-ferrous metal alloys on hammers with a mass of falling parts up to 1.5 tons and presses with a force of up to 8 MN (800 tf). Forging of simple and medium complexity parts and blanks from steels of various grades (except high-alloy and heat-resistant) and non-ferrous metal alloys on hammers with a mass of falling parts from 1.5 to 3 tons and presses with a force of 8 to 15 MN (from 800 to 1500 tf) . Performing work on broaching, rolling, cutting off blanks, parts and driving pipe ends for drawing. Free forging rods from refractory metals and their alloys. Rolling out thick-walled rings on dummy strikers and on special rolling machines. Forge welding and hardfacing of complex and medium complexity parts. Establishing a sequence of transitions for forging parts according to templates, complex drawings and sketches in compliance with the specified tolerances and surface finish. Assembly of large workpieces under the hammer.

Should know: arrangement of hammers and presses of various types; complex forging techniques for complex forgings; the procedure for determining the main operations of the forging process; design features of forging heating furnaces; arrangement of all types of blacksmith tools and fixtures; forging properties of steels; modes of heating steels of various grades; methods and techniques for loading blanks in the furnace and heating them; calculation of billet length and forging volume.

Work examples