Presentation - Class hour “Human Rights. Human Rights Day presentation for the lesson (Grade 7) on the topic Presentation on the topic World Human Rights Day

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Convention-

A treaty, an agreement between states on some special, technical issue.

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Human rights

Human rights are a set of rules that are inherent in human nature and without which it cannot exist.

Moral principles

The worthy position of a person

Personal life support system

Freedom that determines the status of a free person

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Why study human rights?

The more people know about human rights and try to live by the principles that these rights contain, the more likely it is that human rights will indeed be respected by all people around the world!

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Declaration of Human Rights

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights was adopted at the third session of the UN General Assembly on December 10, 1948.

The Declaration defines basic human rights.

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human rights day

In 1950, the UN established the Human Rights Day holiday, which is celebrated on the day the Declaration was adopted.

The Universal Declaration was approved by the vast majority of the countries of the world, only 10 members of the UN voted against it or abstained. They included the Soviet Union

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Some human rights

All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards each other in a spirit of brotherhood.

Everyone shall have all the rights and all freedoms set forth in this Declaration, without distinction of any kind, whether as regards race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, class or other status

Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person.

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Why was the Declaration adopted in 1948?

In the pre-war period and during the Second World War, mass violations of human rights very often occurred.

The goal of the UN is to unite the efforts of all the peoples of the planet in the name of peace and development based on the principles of justice, respect for human dignity and common welfare

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The commission on human rights included representatives of 14 UN member states (at that time there were 56 member countries in the UN)

The declaration is not a legal agreement between states

This is a statement of intent

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The main principles proclaimed by the Declaration:

• International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
• International Covenant on Social Rights
• Convention on the Rights of the Child
• European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms

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Convention on the Rights of the Child

These are the rights and freedoms that every child should have (every person under the age of 18 is recognized as a child), regardless of any differences: race, gender, language, religion, place of birth, national or social origin, property, estate or other status .

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History of the creation of the Convention on the Rights of the Child

By the end of the 1970s, the level of development of society, the situation of children, new problems showed that declarative principles alone were not enough.

Documents were required in which, on the basis of legal norms, measures and methods for protecting the rights of children would be fixed.

For these purposes, in 1974, the Declaration on the Protection of Women and Children in Emergencies and During Armed Conflicts was adopted, in 1986 - the Declaration on Social and Legal Principles Concerning the Protection and Welfare of Children, Especially in the Placement of Children for Education and Their Adoption at the National ( host family - compatriots) and international (host family - foreigners) levels

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For 10 years (from 1979 to 1989), experts from many countries of the world, participating in the UN Commission on Human Rights, developed the text of a new provision on the rights of the child, which would take into account as much as possible all aspects of a child's life in society. This document is called the Convention on the Rights of the Child, and was adopted by the UN General Assembly on November 20, 1989.

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Main provisions of the Convention

• The child has the right to life and healthy development.
• The child has the right to preserve his or her identity, including nationality, name and family ties.
• The child has the right to freedom of personality, freedom of thought, conscience and religion. This right includes the freedom to express one's opinion orally, in writing or in print, in the form of art or through any other medium of the child's choice.
• The child has the right to be protected from all forms of physical or psychological abuse, exploitation, abuse, negligence or maltreatment by both parents and legal guardians or any other person caring for the child.

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The child has the right to education, which shall be directed to the development of the personality, talents and mental and physical abilities of the child to their fullest extent.

The child has the right to rest and leisure, the right to participate in games and recreational activities appropriate to his age, freely participate in cultural life and engage in art.

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Thank you for your attention!

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Sections: History and social studies

Introductory word of the teacher:

Respect for human rights is a sign of a civilized society. However, how many examples in various regions, when this seemingly universally recognized provision is not implemented, the rights of citizens, even the most sacred ones, such as the right to life, are violated.

When it comes to human rights, it is much more manifested by the influence of customs, mores, features of the national character, and cultural values.

But before characterizing the history of the development of human rights, those features of each stage that humanity passed from primitive times to the twentieth century.

To do this, get acquainted with the Little Man and his adventures.

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We must help the Little Man solve this puzzle.

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This poster caused a different reaction from the townspeople.

People cannot be born equal, because they are men and women, old people and children, high and low: What does it mean to be equal?

Listen! said the Little Man. - To be born equal does not mean to be born people of the same height and type. Or equally strong and beautiful. To be born equal is to be born human. Small and naked. After all, no one has yet been born a minister with a briefcase or a general in uniform.

Teacher (organization of a mini-discussion) :

How do you understand the meaning of the poster?

What do you say to the Little Man?

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The path of mankind to the current understanding of human rights has been very difficult. Before, when there was no state and laws, human rights existed in the form of moral possibilities, moral norms.

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Each person is faced with the task of educating his character, the moral qualities of the personality simultaneously with the development of the mind. morality, being closely connected with the emotional and mental life of a person, turns out to be an external manifestation of his spiritual qualities and aspirations.

The essence of morality lies in a certain spirituality of the individual, its focus on certain values ​​and goals, which is expressed in actions, behavior of a person, his relationships with other people.

VIDal: according to the concepts accepted by the people, the properties of the soul and the character of a person determine his mind and disposition. Temper expresses all manifestations of a person - good and evil, virtues and vices. It is believed among the people that the basis of a healthy spiritual well-being of a person is the agreement of his mind and character. "Good-equal, virtuous, well-behaved means agreeing with conscience, with the laws of truth, with the dignity of a person, with the duty of an honest and pure-hearted citizen."

Teacher:

Give examples from history.

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The mores of society and the concept of moral behavior are formed in each society in its own way.

Many religions in the world have general principles and systems of moral values.

Teacher:

What conclusions can be drawn from the analysis of universal principles?

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With the emergence of the state, laws appeared that translated human rights from a moral concept into a legal one. Rules of law have appeared that are permissive in nature, as well as prohibiting certain actions. With the emergence of law, the legislative consolidation of human rights begins, the protection of which became the responsibility of the state.

An important way to protect human rights is the codification (formulation) and publication of laws. The first set of laws - the Laws of King Hammurabi appeared in Babylon 4000 years ago.

Inequality of rights was supported by public morality, which considered the established order to be natural, and inequality as a just structure of society.

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In Athens, before the adoption of the "fair" laws of Solon, which are associated with the golden age of Greek democracy (2500 years ago), the cruel laws of the ruler Dracon ("draconian laws") were in force for two centuries. These codes of laws were developed by the rulers, not by the people. But already the ancient Greeks understood that there can be good and bad laws and that the latter should be changed. These assessments, which were given in ancient Greek democracy, can be considered a valuable contribution to the protection of human rights.

In ancient Rome, a clear and largely acceptable concept of justice was developed, which became the basis of European legislation (Roman law).

The Code (set) or Charter, which could limit the rights of rulers to approve unjust laws, is very different from the codes of laws created by the rulers themselves. A well-known example of such a code is the Magna Carta (Magna Carta). A group of Atmeian nobles forced King John to sign it in 1215, which kept the English monarchy from new taxes and from arresting people without trial: the principle began to operate - "Related to everyone, it is decided with the participation of everyone." Parliament began to meet in 1295 - the beginning of parliamentarism was laid.

The Renaissance (XIV-XVI centuries) marked the beginning of a new view of a person as a person endowed with the ability to independently build his life.

A new view of man was developed in the Enlightenment (XVII - the first half of the XIX centuries). at that time, faith in the mind of man, in the possibility of mankind to transform the world according to the laws of reason, dominated.

During the Enlightenment, the theory of natural human rights was created - innate, inalienable rights that should be recognized for any person just because he is a person.

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Let's help the Little Man understand the three main meanings of the word right.

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On July 14, 1789, the Bastille was taken, which marked the beginning of the French Revolution, the slogan of which was the words "Liberty! Equality! Fraternity!" The French Parliament adopts the "Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen".

The framers of the American Constitution declared the people sovereign and the source of law. In 1791, the Bill of Rights was adopted in the form of ten amendments to the US Constitution.

Human rights are a system of norms of behavior. Human rights exist, as it were, at the intersection of morality and law.

People fought and died for the establishment and observance of human rights.

Teacher:

"They die only for what makes life worth living" (Antoine de Saint-Exupery) Express your opinion on this statement.

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In the twentieth century, the recognition of human rights becomes the basis in international relations. The international recognition of human rights was one of the first steps taken by the United Nations. Universal respect for human rights is one of the ten principles of cooperation between states and peoples in the international arena.

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Human rights standards developed by international organizations are principles, norms and models of a general nature, accepted as the starting point for action or behavior in specific situations of ensuring and protecting a person and contained in official sources.

Let us list the groups of basic documents on human rights.

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Consider them:

• humanism - a system of ideas that recognize the intrinsic value of each person;
• human dignity - respect for the individual by virtue of the recognition of the importance for humanity of each representative of the human race;

All documents are based on the value foundations of human rights, that is, ideas and guiding statements about the essence and significance of rights.

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• freedom - self-determination of personality; the ability to think and act without coercion from outside; the essence of nature and the condition of being a rational person;
• equality - the same legal significance, the balance of interests, an equal measure of the freedom of all people, regardless of their various social statuses;
• solidarity - unity, mutual assistance and support, mutual recognition, and hence the obligation to respect the rights of others, to responsibly use their own rights;
• justice - optimal and harmonious combination of individual and collective interests on the principles of Good in the name of the preservation and development of man and mankind.

And the last question that needs to be clarified to the Little Man: the protection of human rights.

• self-defense - necessary defense, comradely mutual assistance;
• civil society - human rights organizations, consumer societies, associations of women, youth, environmental organizations, media, parties, advocacy, private detectives, etc.;

state:

• judicial (courts of general jurisdiction, the Constitutional Court, the Arbitration Court);
• non-judicial (Commissioner for Human Rights, Prosecutor's Office, Notaries, Commission on Human Rights under the President, etc.);
• international structures:
• interstate (UN structures, bodies of the Council of Europe, the International Court of Justice in The Hague, etc.);
• non-governmental (Amnesty International, International Committee of the Red Cross, etc.).

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Protection of human and civil rights- restoration of violated rights through the use of legal and other social mechanisms not prohibited by law.

Now let's check what the Little Man learned:

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Lesson “Human Rights” “The essence of law consists in the balance of two moral interests: personal freedom and the common good” V. Solovyov Prepared by the social studies teacher Yazykova A.V.

Lesson Objectives: To explain the significance and relevance of the Declaration to ensure the modern protection of the rights and freedoms of the individual in the states of the world. To form a respectful attitude of schoolchildren to human rights and freedoms, international documents that ensure them. To consolidate knowledge about the legal status of an individual in Russian Federation and to form the legal competence of high school students in terms of protecting the fundamental rights and freedoms of the individual, enshrined in the Declaration.

In 1945, the UN was formed, the purpose of which is to maintain peace among peoples and security. In 1948, the UN Commission on Human Rights, headed by Eleanor Roosevelt, widow of former US President Franklin Roosevelt, a human rights activist, prepared a special document "proclaiming" the rights that every person in the world should have - the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Eleanor Roosevelt called the declaration "Magna Carta" for all mankind," therefore today the Declaration is sometimes called the Charter of Human Rights.

The greatest contribution to the work of the Commission for the development of the draft Declaration was made by: - ​​its main author, Canadian John Peter Humprey, Rene Cassin (France), Charles Malik (Lebanon), Peng Chan Cheng (China), Hernan Saita Cruz (Chile), Alexander Bogomolov and Alexey Pavlov (Soviet Union), Lord Duxton and Geoffrey Wilson (Great Britain) and William Hodgson (Australia).

Universal Declaration of Human Rights December 10, 1948 in Paris at the third session of the UN General Assembly adopted the Declaration, which defined the basic human rights. This small document (only 30 articles) has become a hymn to man, his dignity and self-worth. It contains not only a list of fundamental human rights and political freedoms, but also a list of so-called socio-economic and cultural rights.

The Declaration is not a legal treaty, but a proclamation (proclamation) of “the common achievements of all peoples and nations”, therefore it does not contain sanctions for violations of these rights and freedoms. However, the UN Declaration of Human Rights has a direct effect, that is, it can be invoked in the defense of one's rights, and its provisions are often used in international courts when considering cases of human rights violations.

In 1950, the UN decided to celebrate the day of the adoption of the Declaration (December 10) as Human Rights Day. December 10, 2008 marks the end of the campaign to mark the 60th anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which began a year ago, on December 10, 2007. The purpose of this campaign was not only to promote the ideals of the Declaration, the principles of justice and equality for all, but also to remind that the goal of making the Declaration a reality for everyone has not yet been achieved. Photo by V. Sidorova Human rights protect human dignity from humiliation and arbitrary power

International documents International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966) International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966) Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (dated December 16, 1966) Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of Genocide ( 1948) Convention against Discrimination in Education (1960) Convention on the Rights of the Child (New York, November 20, 1989)

November 20, 2009 the UN General Assembly will celebrate the fiftieth anniversary of the Declaration of the Rights of the Child; and the twentieth anniversary of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. UN Convention on the Rights of the Child Entered into force for the USSR on September 15, 1990. Russia, as the legal successor of the USSR, retains its obligations under the Convention.

The main goal of the Convention is the maximum protection of the interests of the child development ensuring active participation in society protection survival

European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (Rome, November 4, 1950, ratified by Russia on May 5, 1998) European Commission of Human Rights. European Court of Human Rights. International European Human Rights Documents

National Documents Constitution of the Russian Federation (December 12, 1993) constitutional laws of the Russian Federation (for example, the Federal Law “On the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation”) Laws of the Russian Federation (for example, the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, Labor Code RF, Federal Law “On Education”, etc.) Laws of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation (for example: Law of the Krasnodar Territory No. 1539 “On measures to prevent neglect and delinquency of minors in the Krasnodar Territory” ”

What are human rights? Human rights are a formally defined, legally guaranteed measure of a person's possible behavior in a state-organized society. The theory of human rights is based on the unconditional recognition of his right to dignity and the right to freedom.

Human dignity On the one hand, human dignity is a set of ideas about a life worthy of a person (about life "as a human being"). On the other hand, it is a "feeling of human dignity" that helps a person recognize humiliation and gives strength to protest. Human dignity is inherent in all people equally and does not depend on merit, social status, beliefs, nationality, etc. Therefore, human rights equally belong to a newborn baby, and a hardened criminal, and an ordinary citizen, and the president of the republic. ! The human dignity of an individual is ensured by Personal Freedom, Equality in Rights and the Rule of Law. Dignity is the recognition by society of the social value and uniqueness of a particular person, the significance of each individual as a part of the human community. The dignity of a person is the source of his rights and freedoms.

The right to freedom Freedom is understood as the independence of social and political subjects, expressed in their ability and opportunity to make their own choice and act in accordance with their interests and goals.

Human rights principles Human rights are: universal - belong to all people in all situations; natural - belong to people from birth only because they are people; inalienable - cannot be arbitrarily deprived of these rights.

Mini-talk on the question: Why do you think, after 60 years, this document is still respected in all countries of the world and is of great importance for the development of democratic rule of law states? When answering, use the following formula: Talk about their position (I believe that ...); Explain it (Because...); Give examples (I can confirm with examples...); Draw conclusions (So my conclusion is...). Question: What rights do you think should be guaranteed in the first place?

What human rights does a person have?

First Generation Rights: CIVIL AND POLITICAL RIGHTS Civil (PERSONAL) rights are the rights that belong to man as a biosocial being. the right to life, to liberty and security of person, to honor and dignity, to citizenship (and, consequently, to the protection of the state), freedom of conscience, equality before the law and court, presumption of innocence, freedom to choose a place of residence, inviolability of home and private life, right on the secrecy of correspondence, telephone conversations, postal and other messages ... Political rights - rights that provide the opportunity for citizens to participate in the political life of the country. voting rights, i.e. the right to elect and be elected to bodies of state power and local self-government, freedom of speech, thought, peaceful assembly, the creation of unions and associations, the right to send personal and collective appeals (petitions) to state authorities.

Rights of the second generation Socio-economic and cultural rights the right to living standards sufficient to maintain health and well-being, the right to fair working conditions The right to rest and leisure the right to protect against unemployment is the right to create trade unions the right to protect health and medical assistance the right to education RIGHT TO SOCIAL SECURITY RIGHT TO PROTECTION AGAINST HUNGER RIGHT TO PARTICIPATE IN THE CULTURAL LIFE OF SOCIETY RIGHT TO PROTECTION OF AUTHORITY Every person, as a member of society, has the right to state support for the maintenance of his dignity and for the free development of his personality. Socio-economic rights are implemented in accordance with the structure and resources of each state.

The rights of the third generation are called the rights of peoples. The idea of ​​them is approved in legal science and international legal practice in the second half of the 20th century. The most important of them are: the right of the people to self-determination up to secession and formation of an independent state, the right to a worthy existence and the right to the development of the people.

However, a person cannot be absolutely free. The rights and freedoms of one end where the rights and freedoms of another begin. The following subjective duties are fixed in the Constitution of the Russian Federation: Comply with the Constitution and laws of the Russian Federation (part 2 of article 15) The duty of parents to raise their children and take care of them (part 2 of article 38) The duty of adult and able-bodied children to take care of disabled parents (part 2 of Art. 3 article 38). The obligation of everyone to take care of the preservation of historical and cultural heritage, to protect historical and cultural monuments (part 3 of article 44) The obligation to pay legally established taxes and fees (art. 57). The duty of a citizen to defend his Fatherland.

Can human rights be limited? Human rights can be limited only by law and only to the extent necessary to ensure the safety of society, protect morality, health, and the rights of other people. There are rights that under no circumstances can be limited: the right to equality, freedom from torture, cruel and degrading treatment and punishment, freedom from slavery, freedom of thought, belief, the right to a fair trial Legal obligations are requirements established and guaranteed by the state to human behavior, the official measure of his proper behavior. The rights and obligations of an individual are objectively interconnected.

Types of legal liability Various types of classification 1. According to the form of implementation 2. According to the bodies imposing liability Responsibility carried out in a judicial, administrative and other manner. Responsibility exercised by legislative, executive, administrative, judicial bodies 3. By type of offense a) criminal law b) administrative law c) civil law d) material e) disciplinary and rules of law.

Frontal conversation: What is a declaration? What is the Universal Declaration of Human Rights? Why was the Declaration adopted in 1948? What are human rights? What human rights do you know? Give definitions of rights (civil, political, cultural, economic, social, procedural). For the first time in the history of mankind, fundamental human rights and freedoms were formed and recommended for implementation in all countries, which are considered worldwide as standards, models for relevant national legal documents. What document is it? Where do children have the right to freely express their opinions? Name an article from the Convention on the Rights of the Child. Whom does the Convention on the Rights of the Child impose on providing care for children without parents? Until what age is a person a minor? Complete the following sentence: “The fundamental legal act regulating family relations in Russia is…”

Competition No. 1 (classes are guided by the provisions of the "Universal Declaration of Human Rights". The frog from the fairy tale by V Garshin "The Traveling Frog", having gone on a trip, exercised its right (______) Pinocchio from A. Tolstoy's fairy tale "The Golden Key", grabbing the rat Shushara by the tail, violated her right (____) The police from A. Tolstoy's fairy tale "The Golden Key", forcibly breaking into the closet of Pope Carlo, violated his right (_____) Balda from "The Tale of the Priest and His Worker Balda" by A. Pushkin, hiring work for the priest, took advantage of his right (_____) Ivan Tsarevich from the fairy tale "Ivan Tsarevich and grey Wolf”, stealing the Firebird from Tsar Berendey, violated his right (__) In the fairy tale “Ivan Tsarevich and the Gray Wolf”, the brothers killed Ivan Tsarevich, thereby violating his right (____)

Competition No. 2 "APHORISMS" 1 set: virtues, must, laws, and, eradicate, instill, vices (Cicero, an ancient Roman orator). 2 set: ten, one, forgive, execute than, better, guilty, innocent (Catherine II, Russian Empress). 3 set: slaves, free, to be, laws, we, to be, in order to, must (Cicero, an ancient Roman orator). 4 set: the essence in the balance of moral personal interests: freedom, good, right, two, consists, and common (V. Solovyov) 5 set: justice is art and, right, good (ancient Roman expression).

Answer to the competition number 2 1) Laws should inculcate virtues and eradicate vices. 2) It is better to pardon ten guilty than to execute one innocent. 3) We must be slaves to the laws in order to be free. 4) The essence of law is the balance of two moral interests: personal freedom and the common good. 5) Law is the art of goodness and justice.

Contest #3 RESPONSIBILITY The worker was late for work (__). The bus passenger did not pay the fare (__). The student broke the glass at school (__). The pedestrian crossed the street in a prohibited place (__). A citizen bought a stolen thing, knowing about its origin (__). The driver of the car lost control and damaged the parked "Volga" (__). The court satisfied the claim of the citizen against the neighbors who flooded his apartment with water (__). A citizen set fire to a neighbor's house out of revenge (__). A schoolboy accidentally hit a passer-by from a slingshot in the eye (__). The soldier did not follow the order of the commander (__). College students stole a car and smashed it (__). The court recognized the guilt of a teenager who stole things from a car (__). The student was rude to the teacher during the lesson (__). The workshop refused to repair a defective tape recorder (__).

Competition No. 4 Debate on the rights of the child Situation 1 Mother: How many times do I have to tell you - after 20-21 pm you must send your guests home! Your awful music gets on everyone's nerves. Son: But mom! You still don't sleep at this time. Also, do I have the right to freedom of association and freedom of peaceful assembly? Host: What does a mother need to know in order to correctly answer the question posed by her naughty son?

Situation 2 Student: Maria Ivana! I won't go to your class again. Why do I need him if I'm going to be a driver? Yes, and you yourself do not know the lesson, you often get confused, your lessons are not interesting. Let us find another teacher, smarter. Teacher: How dare you Ivanov talk to me like that? Student: I dare, Maria Ivana! I have the right to freely formulate my views on all matters that concern me. And your teaching concerns me, because I suffered from it yesterday - do you know how they punished me for your deuce? They weren't allowed to go to the cinema. So listen: you are a bad teacher, inept. Host: Of course, we all understand what it's like to be punished. We often get angry at the teacher - he is to blame for all our troubles. Nevertheless, the law here is on the side of Maria Ivanovna. What can not be allowed, declaring their rights?

Situation 3 Mom: Son, I'm leaving, clean up, wash the dishes after you, go to the store. Son: Mom, I have a test tomorrow. Mom: Yes, you will solve your problems. You can't leave a mess in the house! Son: I am protected by the Convention on the Rights of the Child from doing any work that is an obstacle to education. Moderator: How do you resolve this situation.

Important dates June 1 - International Children's Day October 30 - Day of Remembrance for Victims of Political Repression November 16 - International Day of Tolerance November 20 - International Children's Day December 5 - International Volunteer Day December 10 - International Human Rights Day December 12 - Day of the adoption of the Constitution of Russia 14 December - Memorial Day A.D. Sakharov

Lesson conclusions: “Human rights are natural, inalienable, universal and objective rights that express the real ability of an individual to enjoy benefits to meet their needs and legitimate interests. The state does not grant a person his rights, but fixes them in his laws. As society develops, human rights acquire the character of a scale of freedoms, a measure of justice, equality, and the possible behavior of people. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights is an important international document that opened a whole era in the struggle for individual rights and freedoms and allowed people all over the world to unite together in protecting and ensuring human rights on Earth.” The process of formation of a mature civil society cannot be completed without enlightenment and education in the field of human rights, without awareness by everyone of the basic ideas and principles of the Declaration. It is necessary to understand the importance of education and enlightenment in the field of human rights as a backbone component of the formation of civil society.

Thank you for your attention! Good luck in job!

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On December 10, the international community celebrates Human Rights Day. Human Rights Day in other official UN languages: English - Human Rights Day, Spanish - Día de los Derechos del Hombre, French - la Journée des droits de l "homme

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Date in 2018: Monday, December 10 Celebrated: in Russia, Ukraine, Belarus and other countries of the world Established: resolution of December 4, 1950 No. 423 (V) 317 of the plenary session of the UN General Assembly Meaning: timed to coincide with the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights 10.12 .1948 Traditions: various official and unofficial explanatory meetings and actions, the purpose of which is to talk with the population about human rights and their protection.

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History and traditions of the holiday On December 10, 1948, the UN General Assembly (GA) announced that the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which it had just adopted, is nothing more than a general norm, to which people of all powers are obliged to strive. Two years later, on December 4, at the 317th plenary meeting, the GA decided to establish an appropriate holiday in honor of the Declaration. She expressed gratitude to those states that have already marked the anniversary of the adoption of the document (both members of the UN and non-members), and called on other powers and interested associations to celebrate December 10 as Human Rights Day. The GA also expressed a desire to increase the efforts made in this area. And in order to see the result, she proposed to submit annual reports on the work done to the UN Secretary General. In Russia, as well as around the world, on December 10, 2018, events are held at which issues of human rights and their protection are discussed. On this day, the memory of the victims of genocide and political repression is honored. A theme dedicated to this holiday is also chosen annually.

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The tenth of December was declared Human Rights Day by the UN Assembly! An important declaration concerning the world situation was adopted. Rights and freedoms must be respected! It is important for all of us to remain human beings, to have our own opinion and to speak, to develop, to respect the interests of others. In 1950, the UN General Assembly adopted resolution 423 (V), calling on all states and interested organizations to establish December 10 of each year as Human Rights Day. The purpose of the proclamation of this day is to draw the attention of "people all over the world" to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights as a common ideal for all people and peoples. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights includes a wide range of political, civil, social, cultural and economic rights. It is included in the Guinness Book of Records as a document translated into more than 400 languages ​​and dialects, which is evidence of its universal nature and the extent of its distribution. Although the Declaration is not a binding document, it has contributed to the introduction of more than 60 human rights instruments that have formed a single international standard in this area.

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In 1959, the United Nations adopted the Declaration of the Rights of the Child, which proclaimed social and legal principles relating to the protection and well-being of children. In November 1989, the UN General Assembly adopted the Convention on the Rights of the Child. The Convention contains 54 articles that take into account almost all aspects related to the life and position of the child in society. All its provisions boil down to four requirements that ensure the rights of children: survival, development, protection and participation in society.

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The Vienna Declaration and Program of Action, adopted at the International Conference on Human Rights on June 25, 1993, spelled out common positions and spoke of the need to eradicate manifestations of racism, all forms of discrimination, xenophobia and intolerance of some people towards others. In addition, the protection of the rights of women and children was emphasized. In Soviet Russia, starting in 1977, on Human Rights Day on Pushkinskaya Square in Moscow, dissidents staged a “Rally of Silence” action. In the future, this custom was called: "the tradition of Soviet dissidents."

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In 1966, the United Nations Human Rights Prize was established to recognize those who have made an outstanding contribution to the promotion and protection of human rights. This prize is awarded every five years on the anniversary of the proclamation of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. It was first awarded in 1968. In 2013, the winners of the award were Malala Yousafzai, a 16-year-old Pakistani girl who defended the right of girls and women to education and was injured in an assassination attempt by Islamic extremists; Mauritanian Biram Dah-Abeid, who helps fight against slavery in modern world; advocate for the disabled from Kosovo, Hilmniyeta Apuk; Finnish human rights activist Liisa Kauppinen, who defends the rights of the deaf; Moroccan Khadija Riyadi. Also, the UN General Assembly awarded an award to the Supreme Court of Mexico for the protection of the constitutional rights of Mexicans.

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18 Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience, and religion; this right includes freedom to change his religion or belief, and freedom either alone or in community with others and in public or private, to manifest his religion or belief in teaching, practice, warship, and observance. Art. 19 Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive, and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers. Art. 23 1. Everyone has the right to work, to free choice of employment, to just and favorable conditions of work, and to protection against unemployment 2. Everyone, without any discrimination, has the right to equal pay for equal work 3. Everyone who works has the right to just and favorable remuneration, ensuring for himself and his family an existence worthy of human dignity, and supplemented, if necessary, by other means of social protection 4. Everyone has the right to form and to join trade unions for the protection of his interests. Art. 25 1. Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of himself and his family, including food, clothing, housing, and medical care and necessary social services, and the right to security in the event of unemployment, sickness, disability, widowhood, old age, or other lack of livelihood in circumstances beyond his control. 2. Motherhood and childhood are entitled to special care and assistance. All children, whether born in or out wedlock, shall enjoy the same social protection. "Yearbook of the United Nations 1948/49", 1950.